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  <meta name="author" content="Steffen"/>
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  <meta name="date" content="2003-02-15"/>
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  <title>mathproject >> Beispiel</title>
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<mi>&#x2115;</mi>++++++N
<mi>&#x2124;</mi>++++++Z
<mi>&#x211A;</mi>++++++Q
<mi>&#x211D;</mi>++++++R
<mi>&#x2119;</mi>++++++P
<mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em' fontsize='12pt'>&#x2229;</mo>+++++++Schnittmenge
<mo lspace='0.4em' rspace='0.4em' fontsize='12pt'>&#x2282;</mo>+++++++Teilmenge
<mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo>++++++:=
<mo lspace='0.5em' rspace='0.5em'>=</mo>+++++=
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline">
&#160;+++++&nbsp;

<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Definition:</b></u> &#160;</p>

<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
 
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="1">[7.3.1]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;<br/>
</p>
</td></tr></table>

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<font style="size:2px">&#160;</font><center><table class="top" cellpadding="30px"><tr><td class="top">
<div style="align:center"><div id="warning" style="display:none; width:90%; border:1px solid red; padding:10px; margin-top:20px"></div></div>
<h1><i>Beispiel einer lokal nicht injektiven, regulären Funktion</i></h1>
<hr noshade="noshade" size="1" style="margin-bottom:20px" />

<table><tr><td>
<p>Die Funktion&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>&#x211D;</mi><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>&#x211D;</mi>
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 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</math> sei gegeben durch</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mrow><mo>{</mo> <mrow>
    <mtable columnalign='left'>
     <mtr columnalign='left'>
      <mtd columnalign='left'>
       <mrow>
        <mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><msup>
         <mi>x</mi>
         <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mfrac>
         <mi mathvariant='normal'>&#x03C0;</mi>
         <mi>x</mi>
        </mfrac>
        <mtext>&#160;,&#160; falls &#160;</mtext><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2260;</mo><mn>0</mn>
       </mrow>
      </mtd>
     </mtr>
     <mtr columnalign='left'>
      <mtd columnalign='left'>
       <mrow>
        <mn>0</mn><mtext>&#160;,&#160; falls &#160;</mtext><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
       </mrow>
      </mtd>
     </mtr>
     
    </mtable>
   </mrow> </mrow>
  </mrow>
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</math><br/>&#160;
</div>
</td>
<td width="320" align="right">
<img src="beispiel1.gif"/>
</td>
</tr></table>
<p style="margin-top:-7"><i>f</i> ist eine Beispielfunktion der gesuchten Art. Genauer zeigen wir nämlich:
<ol>
<li><p><i>f</i> ist in 0 differenzierbar mit&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>f</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</math>.</p></li>
<li><p><i>f</i> ist in keiner Umgebung von 0 injektiv.</p></li>
</ol>
</p>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;
</p>
<p>1. &#9658; &#160;Aus der für alle <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2260;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</semantics></mstyle>
</math> gültigen Ungleichung</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mn>0</mn><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msub>
    <mi>m</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>0</mn>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mfrac>
    <mi mathvariant='normal'>&#x03C0;</mi>
    <mi>x</mi>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>folgt aus dem Schachtelsatz <a class="ref" href="../StetigeFunktionen/6_9.xml#10" target="_blank">[6.9.10]</a> zunächst <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <munder>
    <mrow>
     <mi>lim</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mn>0</mn>
    </mrow>
   </munder>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msub>
    <mi>m</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</math> und mit <a class="ref" href="../StetigeFunktionen/6_9.xml#11" target="_blank">[6.9.11]</a> dann auch die Behauptung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <munder>
    <mrow>
     <mi>lim</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mn>0</mn>
    </mrow>
   </munder>
   <msub>
    <mi>m</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaciGGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaadIhacqGHsgIRcaaIWaaabeaakiaad2gadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaGccaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcacqGH9aqpcaaIXaaaaa@429C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
<p>2. &#9658; &#160;<i>f</i> ist stetig (in 0 als Folge von 1. und in <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2260;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgcMi5kaaicdaaaa@396A@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> aufgrund der Rechenregeln für stetige Funktionen). Wir betrachten nun für ein beliebiges <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>k</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
    <mo>&#x2217;</mo>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4AaiabgIGiolablwriLoaaCaaaleqabaGaey4fIOcaaaaa@3AE8@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> die Zahlen</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>&#x003C;</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>&#x003C;</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaaGOmaiaadUgacqGHRaWkcaaIYaaaaiabgYda8maalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaaikdacaWGRbGaey4kaSIaaGymaaaacqGH8aapdaWcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaaIYaGaam4Aaaaaaaa@4294@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>und zeigen dann</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><munder>
    <mo lspace='0.8em' rspace='0.8em'>&#x003C;</mo>
    <mrow><maction xmlns:dsi="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" actiontype='link' dsi:href='#1'><mstyle color='blue' mathvariant='monospace' mathsize='8pt'><mpadded height='2'>
     <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
    </mpadded></mstyle></maction></mrow>
   </munder>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><munder>
    <mo lspace='0.8em' rspace='0.8em'>&#x003C;</mo>
    <mrow><maction xmlns:dsi="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" actiontype='link' dsi:href='#2'><mstyle color='blue' mathvariant='monospace' mathsize='8pt'><mpadded height='2'>
     <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
    </mpadded></mstyle></maction></mrow>
   </munder>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Nach Zwischenwertsatz (<a class='ref' href='../StetigeFunktionen/6_6.xml#2' target='_blank'>[6.6.2]</a>) existiert dann ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>,</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaiaGaeyicI4SaaiyxamaalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaaikdacaWGRbGaey4kaSIaaGymaaaacaGGSaWaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaaGOmaiaadUgaaaGaai4waaaa@4177@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, also insbesondere <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>&#x2260;</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaiaGaeyiyIK7aaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaaGOmaiaadUgacqGHRaWkcaaIYaaaaaaa@3CD4@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, mit&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcaceWG4bGbaGaacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaamOzaiaacIcadaWcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaaIYaGaam4AaiabgUcaRiaaikdaaaGaaiykaaaa@409B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Das bedeutet aber:&#160; <i>f</i> ist in <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>,</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiyxaiabgkHiTmaalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaaikdacaWGRbaaaiaacYcadaWcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaaIYaGaam4AaaaacaGGBbaaaa@3E37@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> nicht injektiv.</p>
<p>Zum Nachweis von <span class='num'>[1]</span> und <span class='num'>[2]</span> beachte man, dass der Cosinus an den geraden Vielfachen von &#x03C0; den Wert 1, und an den ungeraden den Wert &#x2212;1 annimmt. Es ist daher</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo>{</mo> <mrow>
    <mtable columnalign='left'>
     <mtr columnalign='left'>
      <mtd columnalign='left'>
       <mrow>
        <mfrac>
         <mn>1</mn>
         <mi>n</mi>
        </mfrac>
        <mo>+</mo><mfrac>
         <mn>1</mn>
         <mrow>
          <msup>
           <mi>n</mi>
           <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          
         </mrow>
        </mfrac>
        <mo>=</mo><mfrac>
         <mrow>
          <mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
         </mrow>
         <mrow>
          <msup>
           <mi>n</mi>
           <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          
         </mrow>
        </mfrac>
        <mtext>, falls&#160;</mtext><mi>n</mi><mtext>&#160;gerade</mtext>
       </mrow>
      </mtd>
     </mtr>
     <mtr columnalign='left'>
      <mtd columnalign='left'>
       <mrow>
        <mfrac>
         <mn>1</mn>
         <mi>n</mi>
        </mfrac>
        <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac>
         <mn>1</mn>
         <mrow>
          <msup>
           <mi>n</mi>
           <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          
         </mrow>
        </mfrac>
        <mo>=</mo><mfrac>
         <mrow>
          <mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
         </mrow>
         <mrow>
          <msup>
           <mi>n</mi>
           <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          
         </mrow>
        </mfrac>
        <mtext>, falls&#160;</mtext><mi>n</mi><mtext>&#160;ungerade</mtext>
       </mrow>
      </mtd>
     </mtr>
     
    </mtable>
   </mrow> </mrow>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@6B4D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Den Nachweis von <a name="1" class='ref'>[1]</a> ergibt sich daher durch die folgende Rechnung:
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mrow>
         <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mrow>
         <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn>
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>&#x21D4;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mfrac>
        <mrow>
         <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
         <msup>
          <mrow>
           <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
          </mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       <mo>&#x003C;</mo><mfrac>
        <mrow>
         <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
         <msup>
          <mrow>
           <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
          </mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>&#x21D4;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mn>8</mn><msup>
        <mi>k</mi>
        <mn>3</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>+</mo><mn>16</mn><msup>
        <mi>k</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>+</mo><mn>8</mn><mi>k</mi><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mn>8</mn><msup>
        <mi>k</mi>
        <mn>3</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>+</mo><mn>20</mn><msup>
        <mi>k</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>+</mo><mn>14</mn><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@7316@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div></p>
<p><a name='2' class='ref'>[2]</a> bestätigt man auf die gleiche Weise:
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mrow>
         <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn>
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mrow>
         <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi>
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>&#x21D4;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mfrac>
        <mrow>
         <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
         <msup>
          <mrow>
           <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
          </mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       <mo>&#x003C;</mo><mfrac>
        <mrow>
         <mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
         <msup>
          <mrow>
           <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
          </mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>&#x21D4;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mn>8</mn><msup>
        <mi>k</mi>
        <mn>3</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>+</mo><mn>12</mn><msup>
        <mi>k</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>&#x003C;</mo><mn>8</mn><msup>
        <mi>k</mi>
        <mn>3</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>+</mo><mn>20</mn><msup>
        <mi>k</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>+</mo><mn>16</mn><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@6EE4@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
</p>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-top: 50px; margin-bottom:30px" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%">
  <tr>
    <td><hr noshade="noshade" size="1"/></td>
     </tr>
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    <td width="33%" align="left"></td>
    <td width="33%" align="center">
  <a href="7_5.xml#b1"><img width="16" height="16" border="0" src="back1.gif"/></a>
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