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  <meta name="date" content="2003-02-15"/>
  <meta name="keywords" content="Funktion, Definitionsbereich, Bildbereich, Wertebereich, linkstotal, rechtseindeutig, Funktionswert, Urbild, Stelle, Nullstelle, leere Funktion, Graph, Viëta, Auswahlfunktion"/>
  <title>mathproject >> 4.1. Einführung</title>
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<p><u><b>Definition:</b></u> &#160;</p>

<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>

 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="1">[7.3.1]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;<br/>
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<h1>4.1. <i>Einführung</i></h1>
<hr noshade="noshade" size="1" style="margin-bottom:20px" />

<p>Der Funktionsbegriff ermöglicht es, zwischen zwei Mengen, genauer zwischen ihren Elementen, Beziehungen aufzustellen und diese zu studieren. 

Die beiden Mengen sollen dabei eine unterschiedliche Rolle spielen: Wir werden die Elemente einer (links notierten) Menge <i>A</i> als Ausgangsobjekte ansehen, denen die Elemente einer Menge <i>B</i> als Zielobjekte zugewiesen werden. Diese Vorstellung spiegelt sich im folgenden anschaulichen Bild wider: der von <i>x</i> ausgehende Pfeil drückt aus, dass diesem Element das Element <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
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</math> zur Seite gestellt wird. 
</p>
<div><img src="f.gif" width="320px" height="180px"/></div>

<p>Dieses Zuweisungskonzept soll durch einige Bedingungen strukturiert werden: Zum einen sollen die Elemente der linken Menge allesamt mit Bildelementen aus der rechten Menge versorgt werden, d.h. in der obigen Darstellung müßte von jedem Punkt in <i>A</i> ein Pfeil starten. Zum anderen soll jedes <i>x</i> sein individuelles Bild erhalten, d.h. von jedem Element aus <i>A</i> darf auch nur ein Pfeil starten (was im übrigen nicht ausschließt, dass auf ein <i>y</i> mehrere Pfeile zielen, oder auch gar keine).</p>
<p>Der zentrale Gedanke unseres Funktionsbegriffs ist es also, Elementen <i>x</i> jeweils ein weiteres Element <i>y</i> zur Seite zustellen; in Sprache der Mengenlehre heißt dies: Paare bilden. Man kann somit eine Funktion auffassen als die Gesamtheit aller zu ihr gehörenden Paare und nun exakt definieren:</p>

<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Definition:</b></u> &#160;<i>A</i> und <i>B</i> seien irgendzwei Mengen. Eine Menge <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
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</math> ist eine <u>Funktion von <i>A</i> nach <i>B</i></u>, falls es</p>
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 <div>
zu jedem <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
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  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>A</mi>
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</math> genau ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
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</math> gibt, so dass <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
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</math> ist. 
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="1">[4.1.1]</a></span></td></tr></table>

</td></tr></table>

<p>Um zu entscheiden, ob eine Teilmenge <i>f</i> von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>A</mi><mo>&#x00D7;</mo><mi>B</mi>
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</math> eine Funktion ist, müssen also zwei Punkte geprüft werden:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Kommt jedes <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
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   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>A</mi>
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</math> als linke Koordinate eines Paares aus <i>f</i> vor? Ist <i>f</i> also <i>linkstotal</i>?</p></li>
<li><p>Gibt es zu jedem <i>x</i> genau ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>y</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>B</mi>
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</math>, so dass das Paar <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
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 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</math> zu <i>f</i> gehört?<br/>D.h. ist <i>f rechtseindeutig</i>?</p></li>
</ol>

<p>Für die mit einer Funktion <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>&#x2282;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#x00D7;</mo><mi>B</mi>
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 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgkOimlaadgeacqGHxdaTcaWGcbaaaa@3C73@</annotation>
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</math> gegebenen Daten führen wir eigene Begriffe ein:</p>
<p><i>A</i> ist der <u>Definitionsbereich</u> und <i>B</i> der <u>Bildbereich</u> von <i>f</i>. Die Menge <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo>&#x007B;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>f</mi><mtext>&#x2009;</mtext><mtext>f&#x00FC;r</mtext><mtext>&#x2009;</mtext><mtext>ein</mtext><mtext>&#x2009;</mtext><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#x007D;</mo>
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 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaadMhacqGHiiIZcaWGcbGaaiiFaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiilaiaadMhacaGGPaGaeyicI4SaamOzaiaaykW7caqGMbGaaei=aiaabkhacaaMc8UaaeyzaiaabMgacaqGUbGaaGPaVlaadIhacqGHiiIZcaWGbbGaaiyFaaaa@50AE@</annotation>
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</math> ist der <u>Wertebereich</u> von <i>f</i>.</p>
<p>Ist <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>A</mi>
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 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgIGiolaadgeaaaa@392F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so nennen wir <i>y das</i>&#160;<u>Bild</u> von <i>x</i> (bzgl. <i>f</i>) oder auch <i>den</i>&#160;<u>Funktionswert</u> von <i>f</i> an der <span>Stelle <i>x</i></span>, falls <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>f</mi>
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 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadIhacaGGSaGaamyEaiaacMcacqGHiiIZcaWGMbaaaa@3C5B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. In diesem Fall ersetzen wir das Element <i>y</i> durch das Symbol <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaaaa@3929@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, d.h. wir notieren die Information <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>f</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadIhacaGGSaGaamyEaiaacMcacqGHiiIZcaWGMbaaaa@3C5B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> als <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyEaiabg2da9iaadAgacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcaaaa@3B2D@</annotation>
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</math>.</p>
<p>Ist <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>y</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>B</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyEaiabgIGiolaadkeaaaa@3931@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so nennen wir <i>x ein</i>&#160;<u>Urbild</u> von <i>y</i> oder auch eine <u><i>y</i>-Stelle</u> (bzgl. <i>f</i>), falls <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>y</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadMhaaaa@3B2D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>


<p><span class="num" style="color:black"><tt>Beachte</tt>:</span></p>
<ul style="margin-bottom:40px">
  <li><p>Jedem <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>A</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgIGiolaadgeaaaa@392F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> darf nur ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>y</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>B</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyEaiabgIGiolaadkeaaaa@3931@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> zugewiesen sein! Erst dies erlaubt es, den Ausdruck <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>f</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadIhacaGGSaGaamyEaiaacMcacqGHiiIZcaWGMbaaaa@3C5B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> durch <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyEaiabg2da9iaadAgacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcaaaa@3B2D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> zu ersetzen und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaaaa@3929@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>&#160;<i>das</i> Bild von <i>x</i> zu nennen. Eine analoge Forderung an <i>y</i> gibt es nicht; es ist also durchaus möglich, dass ein <i>y</i> das Bild mehrerer <i>x</i> ist. Die Formulierung <i>ein</i> Urbild trägt dieser Situation Rechnung. Es kann auch vorkommen, dass ein <i>y</i> überhaupt kein Urbild besitzt.</p></li>

<li><p>Mit Hilfe des Symbols <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaaaa@3929@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> läßt sich der Wertebereich einer Funktion übersichtlicher beschreiben. Auch kommt jetzt deutlicher zum Ausdruck, dass es sich dabei um die Menge der tatsächlich angenommen Funktionswerte handelt:<br/>&#160;
<div><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>f</mi><mtext>&#x2009;</mtext><mtext>f&#x00FC;r</mtext><mtext>&#x2009;</mtext><mtext>ein</mtext><mtext>&#x2009;</mtext><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaadMhacqGHiiIZcaWGcbGaaiiFaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiilaiaadMhacaGGPaGaeyicI4SaamOzaiaaykW7caqGMbGaaei=aiaabkhacaaMc8UaaeyzaiaabMgacaqGUbGaaGPaVlaadIhacqGHiiIZcaWGbbGaaiyFaiabg2da9iaacUhacaWGMbGaaiikaiaadIhacaGGPaGaaiiFaiaadIhacqGHiiIZcaWGbbGaaiyFaaaa@5B3C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></div></p>
</li>

<li><p>Zwischen einer Funktion und einem ihrer Werte ist strikt zu trennen. Schließlich ist <i>f</i> eine Teilmenge von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>A</mi><mo>&#x00D7;</mo><mi>B</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabgEna0kaadkeaaaa@398C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaaaa@3929@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> "nur" ein einfaches Element von <i>B</i>. <i>f</i> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaaaa@3929@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> bezeichnen also sehr verschiedene Objekte! </p></li>
<li><p>Zwei Funktionen <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>g</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>B</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacYcacaWGNbGaaiOoaiaadgeacqGHsgIRcaWGcbaaaa@3CA7@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> sind genau dann gleich (in Zeichen: <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>g</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabg2da9iaadEgaaaa@38C5@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>) wenn sie dieselbe Teilmenge von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>A</mi><mo>&#x00D7;</mo><mi>B</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabgEna0kaadkeaaaa@398C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> darstellen, wenn also für jedes <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>A</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgIGiolaadgeaaaa@392F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> die Gleichheit <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadEgacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcaaaa@3D71@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> gegeben ist.</p></li>
<li><p>Es gibt genau eine Funktion von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>:</mo><mo>&#x2205;</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>B</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacQdacqGHfiIXcqGHsgIRcaWGcbaaaa@3BBE@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, nämlich <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2205;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabg2da9iabgwGigdaa@3952@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, die <u>leere Funktion</u>.</p>
<p style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:-10px"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;<br/> Da <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo>&#x2205;</mo><mo>&#x00D7;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2205;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyybIySaey41aqRaamOqaiabg2da9iabgwGigdaa@3CBE@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, ist die leere Menge die einzige Teilmenge von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo>&#x2205;</mo><mo>&#x00D7;</mo><mi>B</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyybIySaey41aqRaamOqaaaa@3A3F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>; sie ist auch eine Funktion, denn jede Forderung an ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo>&#x2205;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgIGiolabgwGigdaa@39E2@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist automatisch erfüllt, weil ein solches <i>x</i> gar nicht existiert. Begründet ist dies in der Logik: Eine Aussage der Form <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>a</mi><mtext>&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;</mtext><mo>&#x21D2;</mo><mtext>&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;</mtext><mi>b</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiaaysW7cqGHshI3caaMe8UaamOyaaaa@3D2C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist immer wahr, sobald <i>a</i> falsch ist!
</p></li>
<li><p>Ist <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>A</mi><mo>&#x2260;</mo><mo>&#x2205;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabgcMi5kabgwGigdaa@39EE@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so gibt es keine Funktion von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>A</mi><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mo>&#x2205;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabgkziUkabgwGigdaa@3A14@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
<p style="margin-left:20px; margin-top:-10px"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;<br/>
Auch hier ist die leere Menge die einzige Teilmenge von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>A</mi><mo>&#x00D7;</mo><mo>&#x2205;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabgEna0kabgwGigdaa@3A3E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so dass höchstens die leere Funktion als Funktion von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>A</mi><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mo>&#x2205;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabgkziUkabgwGigdaa@3A14@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> infrage kommt. Da es aber mindestens ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>A</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgIGiolaadgeaaaa@392F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> gibt, müßte es auch ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>y</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo>&#x2205;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyEaiabgIGiolabgwGigdaa@39E3@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> geben, so dass <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo>&#x2205;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadIhacaGGSaGaamyEaiaacMcacqGHiiIZcqGHfiIXaaa@3CE9@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Ein solches <i>y</i> aber kann es nicht geben.</p>
</li>
</ul>

<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Beispiel:</b></u> &#160;</p>

<ul type="square">
<li>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mn>,3</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mn>,5</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>c</mi><mn>,3</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabg2da9iaacUhacaGGOaGaamyyaiaacYcacaaIZaGaaiykaiaacYcacaGGOaGaamOyaiaacYcacaaI1aGaaiykaiaacYcacaGGOaGaam4yaiaacYcacaaIZaGaaiykaiaac2haaaa@4642@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist eine Funktion von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaacYcacaWGJbGaaiyFaaaa@3BFD@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> nach <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mn>1,2,3,4,5</mn><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaaigdacaGGSaGaaGOmaiaacYcacaaIZaGaaiilaiaaisdacaGGSaGaaGynaiaac2haaaa@3E59@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, denn jedes der drei Elemente von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaacYcacaWGJbGaaiyFaaaa@3BFD@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> bildet mit genau einem Element von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mn>1,2,3,4,5</mn><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaaigdacaGGSaGaaGOmaiaacYcacaaIZaGaaiilaiaaisdacaGGSaGaaGynaiaac2haaaa@3E59@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ein Paar.</p>
<p><iframe name="I1" width="100%" height="28" scrolling="no" border="1" frameborder="0" src="insert1.xml">
Ihr Browser unterstützt Inlineframes nicht oder zeigt sie in der derzeitigen Konfiguration nicht an.
</iframe></p>
<p style="margin-top:-5px">Offensichtlich hat das Element 3 zwei Urbilder, nämlich <i>a</i> und <i>c</i>. 1, 2 und 4 haben dagegen überhaupt keine Urbilder, in diesem Fall sind also Werte- und Bildbereich nicht identisch. Der Wertebereich ist "nur" die Menge <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mn>3,5</mn><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaaiodacaGGSaGaaGynaiaac2haaaa@3A14@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mn>,1</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mn>,3</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>c</mi><mn>,4</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mn>,2</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiilaiaaigdacaGGPaGaaiilaiaacIcacaWGIbGaaiilaiaaiodacaGGPaGaaiilaiaacIcacaWGJbGaaiilaiaaisdacaGGPaGaaiilaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiilaiaaikdacaGGPaGaaiyFaaaa@48A9@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist keine Funktion von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaacYcacaWGJbGaaiyFaaaa@3BFD@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> nach <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mn>1,2,3,4,5</mn><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaaigdacaGGSaGaaGOmaiaacYcacaaIZaGaaiilaiaaisdacaGGSaGaaGynaiaac2haaaa@3E59@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, denn dem Element <i>a</i> sollen hier zwei Bilder zugewiesen werden, nämlich 1 und 2.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mn>,4</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>c</mi><mn>,3</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiilaiaaisdacaGGPaGaaiilaiaacIcacaWGJbGaaiilaiaaiodacaGGPaGaaiyFaaaa@3FF3@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist ebenfalls keine Funktion von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaacYcacaWGJbGaaiyFaaaa@3BFD@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> nach <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mn>1,2,3,4,5</mn><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaaigdacaGGSaGaaGOmaiaacYcacaaIZaGaaiilaiaaisdacaGGSaGaaGynaiaac2haaaa@3E59@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, denn es fehlt ein Paar der Form <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadkgacaGGSaGaamyEaiaacMcaaaa@39D6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.
Da Funktionen von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaacYcacaWGJbGaaiyFaaaa@3BFD@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> nach <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mn>1,2,3,4,5</mn><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaaigdacaGGSaGaaGOmaiaacYcacaaIZaGaaiilaiaaisdacaGGSaGaaGynaiaac2haaaa@3E59@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> aus genau drei Paaren bestehen müssen, sind übrigens auch <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mo>&#x2205;</mo>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyybIymaaa@3761@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo><mo>&#x00D7;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mn>1,2,3,4,5</mn><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaacYcacaWGJbGaaiyFaiabgEna0kaacUhacaaIXaGaaiilaiaaikdacaGGSaGaaG4maiaacYcacaaI0aGaaiilaiaaiwdacaGG9baaaa@4685@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> keine Funktionen von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaacYcacaWGJbGaaiyFaaaa@3BFD@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> nach <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mn>1,2,3,4,5</mn><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaaigdacaGGSaGaaGOmaiaacYcacaaIZaGaaiilaiaaisdacaGGSaGaaGynaiaac2haaaa@3E59@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>&#x2115;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo><mo>&#x2282;</mo><mi>&#x2115;</mi><mo>&#x00D7;</mo><mi>&#x2115;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabg2da9iaacUhacaGGOaGaamOBaiaacYcacaWGUbGaey4kaSIaaGOmaiaacMcacaGG8bGaamOBaiabgIGiolablwriLkaac2hacqGHckcZcqWIvesPcqGHxdaTcqWIvesPaaa@4B34@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist eine Funktion von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyfHukaaa@3754@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> nach <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyfHukaaa@3754@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, denn jeder natürlichen Zahl <i>n</i> ist genau eine natürliche Zahl, und zwar die um 2 größere, zugewiesen.</p>
<p><iframe name="I1" width="100%" height="28" scrolling="no" border="1" frameborder="0" src="insert2.xml">
Ihr Browser unterstützt Inlineframes nicht oder zeigt sie in der derzeitigen Konfiguration nicht an.
</iframe></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Die Menge <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>&#x2115;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaacIcacaWGUbGaaiilaiaad6gacqGHsislcaaIYaGaaiykaiaacYhacaWGUbGaeyicI4SaeSyfHuQaaiyFaaaa@4263@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist keine Funktion von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyfHukaaa@3754@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> nach <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyfHukaaa@3754@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, denn das zu ihr gehörende Paar <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>1,</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaaigdacaGGSaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaiaacMcaaaa@3A54@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> liegt nicht in <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>&#x2115;</mi><mo>&#x00D7;</mo><mi>&#x2115;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyfHuQaey41aqRaeSyfHukaaa@3AD7@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. 
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>

<p>Oft besteht eine Funktion <i>f</i> aus sehr vielen Paaren. Statt nun diese Paare alle einzeln aufzuführen, ist es bequemer, sie in tabellarischer Form zu notieren, also eine <i>Wertetabelle</i> zu erstellen. 

Die Funktion aus dem ersten Beispiel kann durch die folgende Wertetabelle sogar vollständig angegeben werden:</p>
<div style="margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt"><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable rowlines='solid' columnlines='solid none' rowspacing='2ex'>
    <mtr>
     <mtd>
      <mi>x</mi>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mi>a</mi>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mi>b</mi>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mi>c</mi>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>3</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>5</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>3</mn>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaqbaeqabiabaaaabaGaamiEaaqaaiaadggaaeaacaWGIbaabaGaam4yaaqaaiaadAgacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcaaeaacaaIZaaabaGaaGynaaqaaiaaiodaaaaaaa@3F2A@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></div>

<p>Natürlich läßt sich eine Funktion nur dann durch eine Wertetabelle vollständig angeben, wenn der Definitionsbereich endlich ist. Eine Wertetabelle für die Funktion aus dem vierten Beispiel kann also immer nur ein Auszug sein. Außerdem ist hier - anders als im ersten Beispiel - bereits eine <i>Funktionsvorschrift</i> erkennbar, so dass man in der Tafel statt  <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaaaa@3929@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, bzw. <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWGUbGaaiykaaaa@391F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, besser gleich <span><i>n</i> + 2</span> schreibt:</p>

<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable rowlines='solid' columnlines='solid none' rowspacing='2ex'>
    <mtr>
     <mtd>
      <mi>n</mi>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>1</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>3</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>4</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>5</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mn>10</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mn>27</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mn>344</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mn>12</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mn>1212</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mn>100000</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mtext>9999999</mtext>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mtext>1234567890</mtext>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>3</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>4</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>5</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>6</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>7</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mn>12</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mn>29</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mn>346</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mn>14</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mn>1214</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mn>100002</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mn>10000001</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mn>1234567892</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaqbaeqabiGdaaaaaaqaaiaad6gaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaaGOmaaqaaiaaiodaaeaacaaI0aaabaGaaGynaaqaaiaaigdacaaIWaaabaGaaGOmaiaaiEdaaeaacaaIZaGaaGinaiaaisdaaeaacaaIXaGaaGOmaaqaaiaaigdacaaIYaGaaGymaiaaikdaaeaacaaIXaGaaGimaiaaicdacaaIWaGaaGimaiaaicdaaeaacaqG5aGaaeyoaiaabMdacaqG5aGaaeyoaiaabMdacaqG5aaabaGaaeymaiaabkdacaqGZaGaaeinaiaabwdacaqG2aGaae4naiaabIdacaqG5aGaaeimaaqaaiaad6gacqGHRaWkcaaIYaaabaGaaG4maaqaaiaaisdaaeaacaaI1aaabaGaaGOnaaqaaiaaiEdaaeaacaaIXaGaaGOmaaqaaiaaikdacaaI5aaabaGaaG4maiaaisdacaaI2aaabaGaaGymaiaaisdaaeaacaaIXaGaaGOmaiaaigdacaaI0aaabaGaaGymaiaaicdacaaIWaGaaGimaiaaicdacaaIYaaabaGaaGymaiaaicdacaaIWaGaaGimaiaaicdacaaIWaGaaGimaiaaigdaaeaacaaIXaGaaGOmaiaaiodacaaI0aGaaGynaiaaiAdacaaI3aGaaGioaiaaiMdacaaIYaaaaaaa@7686@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Eine Wertetabelle gibt schnell einen groben Überblick über eine Funktion. Wesentlich aufschlussreicher allerdings ist ihre <i>graphische</i> Darstellung. Möglich ist dies oft, falls <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>A</mi><mo>&#x00D7;</mo><mi>B</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabgEna0kaadkeaaaa@398C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> eine Teilmenge von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaaa@3841@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> (oder auch von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mn>3</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacaaIZaaaaaaa@3842@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>) ist,<img style="float:right;margin:15px; margin-right:0px; border:1px solid blue" src="nplus2.gif" width="190px" height="199px"/> denn dann ist eine Funktion <i>f</i> eine Teilmenge der Zeichenebene (bzw. des Raumes) und ihr <i>Graph</i> entsteht durch Markieren alle Paare der Form <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadIhacaGGSaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiaacMcaaaa@3C2F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. <i>f</i> ist aber genau die Menge dieser Paare, so dass der oft gemachte Unterschied zwischen einer Funktion und ihrem Graphen in Wirklichkeit nicht vorhanden ist. Wir werden dennoch an diesem Sprachgebrauch festhalten und den Begriff <i>Funktion</i> eher mit dem Festlegen der Funktionsvorschrift und den Begriff <i>Graph</i> eher mit dem Anfertigen einer Skizze verbinden. </p>
<p>So ist etwa die Funktion aus dem vierten Beispiel als Teilmenge von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>&#x2115;</mi><mo>&#x00D7;</mo><mi>&#x2115;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyfHuQaey41aqRaeSyfHukaaa@3AD7@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> auch eine Teilmenge von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaaa@3841@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, also graphisch darstellbar. Die nebenstehende Skizze zeigt die ersten zehn Paare dieser Funktion. Man beachte, dass der Graph hier nur aus Gitterpunkten besteht, dies ist aber durch <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>&#x2282;</mo><mi>&#x2115;</mi><mo>&#x00D7;</mo><mi>&#x2115;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgkOimlablwriLkabgEna0kablwriLcaa@3DBE@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> bedingt.
</p>

<p>Eine Funktion als Menge ihrer Paare anzugeben, ist zwar völlig korrekt, aber im "mathematischen Alltag" nicht gebräuchlich. Insbesondere wenn die Funktionswerte über eine Rechenvorschrift (mit eindeutigen Ergebnissen) ermittelt werden, benutzt man eine leichter zu lesende Form der Funktionsangabe:</p>
<p>Ist <i>f</i> eine Funktion von <i>A</i> nach <i>B</i>, so notieren wir dies mit dem Symbol</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>B</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacQdacaWGbbGaeyOKH4QaamOqaaaa@3B0B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>und geben anschließend die Funktionswerte an. Das folgende Beispiel stellt dies vor und erläutert zudem ausführlich die zu einer Funktion gehörenden Begriffe.</p>

<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Beispiel:</b></u> &#160;Statt also festzusetzen:  Sei <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><msup>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>&#x211D;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo><mo>&#x2282;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabg2da9iaacUhacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacYcacaWG4bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaeyOeI0IaaGymaiaacMcacaGG8bGaamiEaiabgIGiolabl2riHkaac2hacqGHckcZcqWIDesOdaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaaaa@49BD@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, schreiben wir: Die Funktion</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>&#x211D;</mi><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>&#x211D;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacQdacqWIDesOcqGHsgIRcqWIDesOaaa@3C5E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> sei gegeben durch <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><msup>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccqGHsislcaaIXaaaaa@3DC7@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.
</div>
<p>Gelegentlich will man den Zuordnungscharakter stärker betonen; man ersetzt dann die Zuordnungvorschrift <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><msup>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccqGHsislcaaIXaaaaa@3DC7@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> durch das Symbol <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><msup>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiablAAiHjaadIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccqGHsislcaaIXaaaaa@3C36@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> (gelesen: "<i>x</i> geht auf <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaa@3980@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>").</p>
<p>Wir berechnen nun einige Funktionswerte, und zwar durch <i>Einsetzen</i>. So ist z.B.</p>
<iframe style="margin-top:-15px;" name="I1" width="100%" height="28" scrolling="no" border="1" frameborder="0" src="insert3.xml">
Ihr Browser unterstützt Inlineframes nicht oder zeigt sie in der derzeitigen Konfiguration nicht an.
</iframe>
<p>Das Ermitteln von Urbildern führt zu einer anderen Aufgabenstellung: Die Frage etwa, ob die Zahl 15 Urbilder besitzt, führt zur Suche nach Zahlen <i>x</i>, so dass <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>15</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabg2da9iaaigdacaaI1aaaaa@3BA9@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> gilt, also zur Gleichung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>15</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgkHiTiaaigdacqGH9aqpcaaIXaGaaGynaaaa@3C00@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, die man zu <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn><mtext>&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;</mtext><mo>&#x2228;</mo><mtext>&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;</mtext><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>4</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabg2da9iaaisdacaaMe8UaeyikIOTaaGjbVlaadIhacqGH9aqpcqGHsislcaaI0aaaaa@4121@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> löst. 15 besitzt damit zwei Urbilder, nämlich 4 und &#x2212;4. Die Gleichung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>2</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgkHiTiaaigdacqGH9aqpcqGHsislcaaIYaaaaa@3C2F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> dagegen hat keine Lösung, &#x2212;2 also auch keine Urbilder. Andererseits aber gehört &#x2212;2 zum angegebenen Bildbereich, so dass in diesem Fall Bild- und Wertebereich auseinander fallen.</p>
<p>Welchen Wertebereich aber besitzt die Funktion <i>f</i> ? Da <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaaaaa@37CE@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> stets positiv ist, hat man zunächst für alle Funktionswerte:</p>
<div><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><msup>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#x2265;</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccqGHsislcaaIXaGaeyyzImRaeyOeI0IaaGymaaaa@4135@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>,</div>
<p>also ist der Wertebereich eine Teilmenge von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mo>&#x2265;</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacqGHLjYScqGHsislcaaIXaaaaaaa@3AF3@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Ist nun andererseits <i>y</i> irgendein Element von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mo>&#x2265;</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacqGHLjYScqGHsislcaaIXaaaaaaa@3AF3@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, also <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>y</mi><mo>&#x2265;</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyEaiabgwMiZkabgkHiTiaaigdaaaa@3A54@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so kann man aus <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>y</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyEaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaaa@3883@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> die Wurzel ziehen. Folgt:</p>
<div><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msqrt>
    <mrow>
     <mi>y</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msqrt>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><msup>
    <mrow>
     <msqrt>
      <mrow>
       <mi>y</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
      </mrow>
     </msqrt>
     
    </mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>=</mo><mi>y</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcadaGcaaqaaiaadMhacqGHRaWkcaaIXaaaleqaaOGaaiykaiabg2da9maakaaabaGaamyEaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaSqabaGcdaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccqGHsislcaaIXaGaeyypa0JaamyEaaaa@4351@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</div>
<p><i>y</i> ist also als Funktionswert darstellbar. Damit ist der Wertebereich auch eine Obermenge von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mo>&#x2265;</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacqGHLjYScqGHsislcaaIXaaaaaaa@3AF3@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, und somit gleich <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mo>&#x2265;</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacqGHLjYScqGHsislcaaIXaaaaaaa@3AF3@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>

<p>Schließlich fertigen wir eine Skizze der Funktion <i>f</i> an.<applet style="float:right; margin:15px; width:320px; height:190px" code="Beispiel.class"/> Dazu erstellen wir zunächst eine Wertetabelle:</p>
<div><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable rowlines='solid' columnlines='solid none' rowspacing='2ex'>
    <mtr>
     <mtd>
      <mi>x</mi>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>3</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>2</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>0</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>1</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>3</mn>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <msup>
        <mi>x</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>8</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>3</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>0</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>0</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>3</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>8</mn>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaqbaeqabiacaaaaaeaacaWG4baabaGaeyOeI0IaaG4maaqaaiabgkHiTiaaikdaaeaacqGHsislcaaIXaaabaGaaGimaaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaaIYaaabaGaaG4maaqaaiaadIhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccqGHsislcaaIXaaabaGaaGioaaqaaiaaiodaaeaacaaIWaaabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaqaaiaaicdaaeaacaaIZaaabaGaaGioaaaaaaa@48A2@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></div>
<p>und tragen die so gewonnenen Daten in die nebenstehende Skizze ein. Durch  Klicken auf die Zeiger kann man nun die Anzahl der eingetragenen Punkte verändern und so die Entstehung des Graphen simulieren.
</p>
</td></tr></table>
<p>In den folgenden Abschnitten werden wir viele Funktionen von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHekaaa@3758@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>  nach <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHekaaa@3758@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ausführlich behandeln. Hier möchte ich abschließend einige Beispiele zeigen, die die Variationsbreite des Funktionsbegriffs illustrieren.</p>
<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Beispiel:</b></u> &#160;</p>
<ul type="square">
<li>
<p>Die Funktion <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>:</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>&#x211D;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacQdacqWIDesOdaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccqGHsgIRcqWIDesOaaa@3D51@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> sei gegeben durch</p>
<div><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><msup>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><msup>
    <mi>y</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiilaiaadMhacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgUcaRiaadMhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaaaa@4096@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</div>
<p><i>f</i> ordnet jedem Zahlenpaar <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadIhacaGGSaGaamyEaiaacMcaaaa@39EC@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> das Entfernungsquadrat seines Abstands zum Ursprung zu, also z.B:</p>
<p>
<div><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable rowlines='solid' columnlines='solid none' rowspacing='2ex'>
    <mtr>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0,0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>1,2</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>2,3</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>3,4</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1,</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mn>,0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0,</mn><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <msup>
        <mi>x</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>+</mo><msup>
        <mi>y</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>0</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>5</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mn>13</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mn>25</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <msup>
        <mi>x</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <msup>
        <mi>y</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@639A@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></div>
</p>
<p>Der<span class="inf" style="white-space:normal" onmouseover="if(active0==0){position('tip0','tab0',event.clientX,event.clientY); document.getElementById('tip0').className='tooltip_v'; if(!b)document.getElementById('tip0').className='tooltip_v_noopac'};active0=1">
Graph<img class="inf" style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px" src="../info.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span> von <i>f</i> ist eine Fläche im <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mn>3</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacaaIZaaaaaaa@3842@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.
<span id="tip0" class="tooltip_h" style="white-space:normal">
<table id="tab0" border="0" style="width:160px"><tr><td colspan="2" onmousedown="x0=event.clientX;y0=event.clientY;fix('tip0')" onmouseup="drag=0" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color:blue; font-family:monospace"><p style="cursor: move; color:blue; margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:0px; size:12pt; font-weight:bold">&#160;i</p><span style="float: right; margin-top:-15px"><img title="opacity on/off" style="margin-right:10px" onclick="opac_change();" src="../opacity-off.gif" width="10" height="10"/><img onclick="active0=0;document.getElementById('tip0').className='tooltip_h'" src="../close.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size:8pt; color:#404040; font-family:Verdana"><i>Linke Maustaste</i>: Rotieren</td><td style="font-size:8pt; color:#404040; text-align:right; font-family:Verdana"><i>Rechte Maustaste</i>: Kontextmenü</td></tr>

<tr><td colspan="2">
<p style="white-space:normal"><div style="border:1px solid blue; width:600px; height:440px">
<applet style="border:0px solid blue" code="javaview.class" archive="../jars/javaview.jar,../jars/jvx.jar" width="600" height="440">
	<param name="Model" value="elsym1.jvx"/>
	<param name="displayFile" value="elsym1.jvd"/>	
</applet>
</div></p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><msup>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><msup>
    <mi>y</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiilaiaadMhacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgUcaRiaadMhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaaaa@4096@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p style="text-align:right; font-size:8pt; color:#404040; font-family:Verdana; margin-top:5pt">Display by <a href="http://www.javaview.de/" target="_blank">JavaView</a></p>
</td></tr></table>
</span></p>
</li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>

<p>Die hier vorgestellte Funktion <i>f</i> ist <i>symmetrisch</i>: Bei der Berechnung von Funktionswerten kommt es auf die Reihenfolge der beiden Zahlen <i>x</i> und <i>y</i> nicht an:</p> 
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiilaiaadMhacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaamOzaiaacIcacaWG5bGaaiilaiaadIhacaGGPaaaaa@40CC@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Die beiden folgenden Beispiele zeigen zwei weitere symmetrische Funktionen, die beiden sog. <i>elementarsymmetrischen Funktionen</i> des <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaaa@3841@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Beispiel:</b></u> &#160;</p>
<ul type="square">
<li>
<p>Die Funktionen <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>:</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>&#x211D;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4CamaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaakiaacYcacaWGZbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaikdaaeqaaOGaaiOoaiabl2riHoaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgkziUkabl2riHcaa@40E9@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> definieren wir durch</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <msub>
        <mi>s</mi>
        <mn>1</mn>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>y</mi>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <msub>
        <mi>s</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>y</mi>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaqbaeaabiqaaaqaaiaadohadaWgaaWcbaGaaGymaaqabaGccaGGOaGaamiEaiaacYcacaWG5bGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadIhacqGHRaWkcaWG5baabaGaam4CamaaBaaaleaacaaIYaaabeaakiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiilaiaadMhacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaamiEaiabgwSixlaadMhaaaaaaa@4AFD@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Da + und &#183; kommutativ sind, ist die Symmetrie von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4CamaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaaaaa@37C7@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4CamaaBaaaleaacaaIYaaabeaaaaa@37C8@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> gewährleistet. Wir notieren eine kleine Wertetabelle und sehen uns die Graphen an:</p>
<p>
<div><table style="width:auto" align="center" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="padding:0px; display:block">
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable rowlines='solid none' columnlines='solid none' rowspacing='2ex'>
    <mtr>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0,0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>1,2</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>2,1</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>5,3</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0,</mn><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>y</mi>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>0</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>3</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>3</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>2</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mi>x</mi>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>0</mn>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>y</mi>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>0</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>15</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>0</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <msup>
        <mi>x</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup>
        <mi>x</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@6E3E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></td>


<td style="padding-left:20px">
<p style="margin-top:30px; line-height:15px"><span class="inf" style="white-space:normal" onmouseover="if(active1==0){position('tip1','tab1',event.clientX,event.clientY); document.getElementById('tip1').className='tooltip_v'; if(!b)document.getElementById('tip1').className='tooltip_v_noopac'};active1=1">
<img class="inf" style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px" src="../info.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span>
<span id="tip1" class="tooltip_h" style="white-space:normal">
<table id="tab1" border="0" style="width:160px" ><tr><td colspan="2" onmousedown="x0=event.clientX;y0=event.clientY;fix('tip1')" onmouseup="drag=0" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color:blue; font-family:monospace"><p style="cursor: move; color:blue; margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:0px; size:12pt; font-weight:bold">&#160;i</p><span style="float: right; margin-top:-15px"><img title="opacity on/off" style="margin-right:10px" onclick="opac_change();" src="../opacity-off.gif" width="10" height="10"/><img onclick="active1=0;document.getElementById('tip1').className='tooltip_h'" src="../close.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size:8pt; color:#404040; font-family:Verdana"><i>Linke Maustaste</i>: Rotieren</td><td style="font-size:8pt; color:#404040; text-align:right; font-family:Verdana"><i>Rechte Maustaste</i>: Kontextmenü</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2">
<p style="white-space:normal"><div style="border:1px solid blue; width:600px; height:440px">
<applet style="border:0px solid blue" code="javaview.class" archive="../jars/javaview.jar,../jars/jvx.jar" width="600" height="440">
	<param name="Model" value="elsym3.jvx"/>
	<param name="displayFile" value="elsym3.jvd"/>
</applet>
</div></p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>y</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4CamaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaakiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiilaiaadMhacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaamiEaiabgUcaRiaadMhaaaa@3FB8@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p style="text-align:right; font-size:8pt; color:#404040; font-family:Verdana; margin-top:5pt">Display by <a href="http://www.javaview.de/" target="_blank">JavaView</a></p>
</td></tr></table>
</span></p>

<p style="line-height:10px; margin-bottom:0px"><span class="inf" style="white-space:normal" onmouseover="if(active2==0){position('tip2','tab2',event.clientX,event.clientY); document.getElementById('tip2').className='tooltip_v'; if(!b)document.getElementById('tip2').className='tooltip_v_noopac'};active2=1">
<img class="inf" style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px" src="../info.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span>
<span id="tip2" class="tooltip_h" style="white-space:normal">
<table id="tab2" border="0" style="width:160px" ><tr><td colspan="2" onmousedown="x0=event.clientX;y0=event.clientY;fix('tip2')" onmouseup="drag=0" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color:blue; font-family:monospace"><p style="cursor: move; color:blue; margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:0px; size:12pt; font-weight:bold">&#160;i</p><span style="float: right; margin-top:-15px"><img title="opacity on/off" style="margin-right:10px" onclick="opac_change();" src="../opacity-off.gif" width="10" height="10"/><img onclick="active2=0;document.getElementById('tip2').className='tooltip_h'" src="../close.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size:8pt; color:#404040; font-family:Verdana"><i>Linke Maustaste</i>: Rotieren</td><td style="font-size:8pt; color:#404040; text-align:right; font-family:Verdana"><i>Rechte Maustaste</i>: Kontextmenü</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2">
<p style="white-space:normal"><div style="border:1px solid blue; width:600px; height:440px">
<applet style="border:0px solid blue" code="javaview.class" archive="../jars/javaview.jar,../jars/jvx.jar" width="600" height="440">
	<param name="Model" value="elsym2.jvx"/>
	<param name="displayFile" value="elsym2.jvd"/>
</applet>
</div></p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>y</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4CamaaBaaaleaacaaIYaaabeaakiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiilaiaadMhacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaamiEaiabgwSixlaadMhaaaa@4121@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p style="text-align:right; font-size:8pt; color:#404040; font-family:Verdana; margin-top:5pt">Display by <a href="http://www.javaview.de/" target="_blank">JavaView</a></p>
</td></tr></table>
</span></p>
</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
</p>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4CamaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaaaaa@37C7@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4CamaaBaaaleaacaaIYaaabeaaaaa@37C8@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> spielen im Zusammenhang mit dem Satz von Viëta eine interessante Rolle, man kann sie nämlich zu seiner Formulierung verwenden:</p>
<div>
<i>a</i> und <i>b</i> lösen die Gleichung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>p</mi><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>q</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mo>&#x21D4;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mtext>&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;</mtext><mo>&#x2227;</mo><mtext>&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;</mtext><mi>q</mi><mo>=</mo><msub>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgUcaRiaadchacaWG4bGaey4kaSIaamyCaiabg2da9iaaicdacaaMf8Uaeyi1HSTaaGzbVlaadchacqGH9aqpcqGHsislcaWGZbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaOGaaiikaiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaacMcacaaMe8Uaey4jIKTaaGjbVlaadghacqGH9aqpcaWGZbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaikdaaeqaaOGaaiikaiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaacMcaaaa@58E7@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.
</div>
<p>Der Vorteil dieser ungewöhnlichen, "komplizierteren" Darstellung des Viëtaschen Satzes ist ihre Erweiterbarkeit. In einem <a name="elsym" href="elsym.xml" target="_blank">Exkurs</a> ist das ausführlich dargestellt.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>

<p>Die letzten drei Beispielen sind überhaupt nicht mehr zu visualisieren.</p>
<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Beispiel:</b></u> &#160;</p>

<ul type="square">
<li>
<p>Für die Funktion <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>:</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2192;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mn>3</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacQdacqWIDesOdaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccqGHsgIRcqWIDesOdaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiodaaaaaaa@3E3B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, gegeben durch</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiilaiaadMhacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaaiikaiaadIhacqGHRaWkcaWG5bGaaiilaiaadIhacqGHsislcaWG5bGaaiilaiaadIhacqGHflY1caWG5bGaaiykaaaa@48A0@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>,
</div>
<p>erhalten wir die folgende Wertetabelle:</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable rowlines='solid none' columnlines='solid none' rowspacing='2ex'>
    <mtr>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0,0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>1,</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>2,3</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mn>,0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0,</mn><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0,0,0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0,2,</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>1,</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>5,</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>6</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mn>,0,</mn><msup>
        <mi>x</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi><mn>,0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>y</mi><mn>,0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@7B46@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p><i>f</i> ist eine Teilmenge des <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mn>5</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacaaI1aaaaaaa@3844@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, an eine Skizze des Graphen ist also nicht zu denken.</p><br/>&#160;
</li>
<li>
<p>Funktionen zwischen den komplexen Zahlen lassen sich überhaupt nicht graphisch darstellen. Wir betrachten die komplexe Quadratfunktion <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>&#x2102;</mi><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>&#x2102;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacQdacqWIceYOcqGHsgIRcqWIceYOaaa@3C2C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, gegeben duch</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><msup>
    <mi>z</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG6bGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadQhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaaaa@3C19@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, &#160;bzw.&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>y</mi><mi>i</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><msup>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup>
    <mi>y</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>i</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaey4kaSIaamyEaiaadMgacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgkHiTiaadMhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccqGHRaWkcaaIYaGaamiEaiaadMhacaWGPbaaaa@4652@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>und berechnen einige Funktionswerte:</p>
<div>
<iframe name="I4" height="130" width="95%" scrolling="no" border="0" frameborder="0" src="insert4.xml">
Ihr Browser unterstützt Inlineframes nicht oder zeigt sie in der derzeitigen Konfiguration nicht an.
</iframe>
</div>
<p>&#160;</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Wir ordnen jeder nicht-leeren Teilmenge von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyfHukaaa@3754@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, also den nicht-leeren Elementen der Potenzmenge<span class="inf" style="white-space:normal" onmouseover="if(active3==0){position('tip3','tab3',event.clientX,event.clientY); document.getElementById('tip3').className='tooltip_v'; if(!b)document.getElementById('tip3').className='tooltip_v_noopac'};active3=1">
<img class="inf" style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px" src="../info.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span>
<span id="tip3" class="tooltip_h" style="white-space:normal">
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<p style="white-space:normal">Die <i>Potenzmenge</i> einer Menge <i>M</i> ist die Gesamtheit aller Teilmengen von <i>M</i>. Also:</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi mathvariant='script' font-family='Euclid Math One' mathsize='14pt'>&#x1D4AB;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>M</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#x2282;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiuaiaacIcacaWGnbGaaiykaiabg2da9iaacUhacaWGbbGaaiiFaiaadgeacqGHckcZcaWGnbGaaiyFaaaa@4148@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.
</div>
<p>In einer Mengenlehre mit Potenzmengenaxiom ist <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi mathvariant='script' font-family='Euclid Math One' mathsize='14pt'>&#x1D4AB;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>M</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiuaiaacIcacaWGnbGaaiykaaaa@38E8@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> wieder eine Menge und es gilt die Äquivalenz</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>A</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi mathvariant='script' font-family='Euclid Math One' mathsize='14pt'>&#x1D4AB;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>M</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mo>&#x21D4;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>A</mi><mo>&#x2282;</mo><mi>M</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabgIGiolaadcfacaGGOaGaamytaiaacMcacaaMf8Uaeyi1HSTaaGzbVlaadgeacqGHckcZcaWGnbaaaa@443E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.
</div>
<p>So ist etwa <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi mathvariant='script' font-family='Euclid Math One' mathsize='14pt'>&#x1D4AB;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#x007D;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mo>&#x2205;</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>&#x007D;</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#x007D;</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#x007D;</mo><mo>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiuaiaacIcacaGG7bGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyFaiaacMcacqGH9aqpcaGG7bGaeyybIySaaiilaiaacUhacaWGHbGaaiyFaiaacYcacaGG7bGaamOyaiaac2hacaGGSaGaai4EaiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2hacaGG9baaaa@4D6C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Man beachte, dass die Aussage <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo>&#x2205;</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi mathvariant='script' font-family='Euclid Math One' mathsize='14pt'>&#x1D4AB;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>M</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyybIySaaiilaiaad2eacqGHiiIZcaWGqbGaaiikaiaad2eacaGGPaaaaa@3D67@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> stets zutrifft.</p>
</td></tr></table>
</span> &#160;von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyfHukaaa@3754@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, das kleinste in ihr enthaltene Element zu. Da <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyfHukaaa@3754@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> durch die Relation <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mo>&#x2264;</mo>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyizImkaaa@379D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> total geordnet ist, besitzt jedes <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>A</mi><mo>&#x2282;</mo><mi>&#x2115;</mi><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;</mtext><mi>A</mi><mo>&#x2260;</mo><mo>&#x2205;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabgkOimlablwriLkaacYcacaaMe8UaamyqaiabgcMi5kabgwGigdaa@4059@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, genau ein kleinstes Element, d.h. durch die Festsetzung</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mi>min</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>A</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWGbbGaaiykaiabg2da9iGac2gacaGGPbGaaiOBaiaadgeaaaa@3D90@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>ist eine Funktion <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>:</mo><mi mathvariant='script' font-family='Euclid Math One' mathsize='14pt'>&#x1D4AB;</mi><msup>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>&#x2115;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mo>&#x2260;</mo><mo>&#x2205;</mo>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>&#x2115;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacQdacaWGqbGaaiikaiablwriLkaacMcadaahaaWcbeqaaiabgcMi5kabgwGigdaakiabgkziUkablwriLcaa@41FB@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> gegeben. Hier ein kleiner Überblick:</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable rowlines='solid none' columnlines='solid none' rowspacing='2ex'>
    <mtr>
     <mtd>
      <mi>A</mi>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mn>6,3,7,5</mn><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>&#x2115;</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>138</mn><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>&#x2115;</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
        <mi>n</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>50</mn><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>3</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>0</mn>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mn>139</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd>
      <mn>8</mn>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaqbaeqabiqbaaaabaGaamyqaaqaaiaacUhacaaI2aGaaiilaiaaiodacaGGSaGaaG4naiaacYcacaaI1aGaaiyFaaqaaiablwriLcqaaiaacUhacaWGUbGaeyicI4SaeSyfHuQaaiiFaiaad6gacqGH+aGpcaaIXaGaaG4maiaaiIdacaGG9baabaGaai4Eaiaad6gacqGHiiIZcqWIvesPcaGG8bGaamOBamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabg6da+iaaiwdacaaIWaGaaiyFaaqaaiaadAgacaGGOaGaamyqaiaacMcaaeaacaaIZaaabaGaaGimaaqaaiaaigdacaaIZaGaaGyoaaqaaiaaiIdaaaaaaa@5D20@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Da das Minimum von <i>A</i> stets Element von <i>A</i> ist, besitzt die Funktion <i>f</i> die Eigenschaft:</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>A</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWGbbGaaiykaiabgIGiolaadgeaaaa@3B3C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p> 
für jede nicht-leere Teilmenge <i>A</i> von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyfHukaaa@3754@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. <i>f</i> wählt also in einer bestimmten Weise, nämlich über die Bildung des Minimums, aus jedem <i>A</i> ein Element aus. <i>f</i> nennt man deshalb auch eine <i>Auswahlfunktion</i> für <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyfHukaaa@3754@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. 
</p>
<p>Die Frage, ob jede Menge <i>M</i> eine Auswahlfunktion besitzt, ist nicht trivial und letztlich nur über ein Axiom zu entscheiden: Betreibt man eine Mengenlehre mit <i>Auswahlaxiom</i>, so gibt es zu jeder Menge eine Auswahlfunktion. In anderen Mengenlehren ist dies falsch.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
</table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-top: 50px; margin-bottom:30px" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%">
  <tr>
    <td><hr noshade="noshade" size="1"/></td>
    <td width="2%" align="right"><img style="margin-left:3pt" src="http://www.mathproject.de/cgi-std/count.pl?c=41;d=tiny"/></td>
  </tr>
</table>

<p>
<table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
  <tr>
    <td width="33%" align="left"><!--<a href="7_2.xml" title="">*.*. <img border="0" src="backl.gif" width="7" height="12"/></a>--></td>
    <td width="33%" align="center">
  <a href="funktionen.htm#Teil1"><img width="16" height="16" border="0" src="back1.gif"/></a>
    </td>
    <td width="34%" align="right"><a href="4_2.xml" title="Beispiele"><img border="0" src="backr.gif" width="7" height="12"/> 4.2.</a></td>
  </tr>
</table>
</p>
</td></tr>
</table></center><br/><font style="size:2px">&#160;</font>
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