<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="mathml.xsl"?>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
 xmlns:pref="http://www.w3.org/2002/Math/preference" pref:renderer="mathplayer-dl">
<head>
  <meta name="description" content="online Kurs Mathematik"/>
  <meta name="author" content="Steffen"/>
  <meta name="copyright" content="Steffen"/>
  <meta name="date" content="2002-09-12"/>
  <meta name="keywords" content="Schwingung, gedämpfte Schwingung, ungedämpfte Schwingung, erzwungene Schwingung, Störfrequenz, Resonanz, Resonanzkatastrophe, Federkonstante, Hooksches Gesetz, Anfangsbedingung, Faltungsprodukt, Federkonstante, Reibungskraft, Reibungskräfte, Reibungskonstante"/>
  <title>mathproject >> Ein physikalisches Beispiel: Schwingungen</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../format.css" media="screen"  />
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../printformat.css" media="print"  />
<script type="text/javascript" src="../MP.js"></script>  
<script type="text/javascript" src="../mytooltip.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var active0=0;  <!--Variable fuer den ersten Tooltip-->
</script>
</head>

<!--

<mstyle displaystyle='true' subscriptshift='0.4em'  equalcolumns='false' equalrows='false' rowspacing='1.5ex'>
<mi>&#x2115;</mi>++++++N
<mi>&#x2124;</mi>++++++Z
<mi>&#x211A;</mi>++++++Q
<mi>&#x211D;</mi>++++++R
<mi>&#x2119;</mi>++++++P
<mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em' fontsize='12pt'>&#x2229;</mo>+++++++Schnittmenge
<mo lspace='0.4em' rspace='0.4em' fontsize='12pt'>&#x2282;</mo>+++++++Teilmenge
<mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo>++++++:=
<mo lspace='0.5em' rspace='0.5em'>=</mo>+++++=
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline">
&#160;+++++&nbsp;

<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Definition:</b></u> &#160;</p>

<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
 
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="1">[7.3.1]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;<br/>
</p>
</td></tr></table>

<span class="inf" style="white-space:normal" onmouseover="if(active~~==0){position('tip~~','tab~~',event.clientX,event.clientY); document.getElementById('tip~~').className='tooltip_v'; if(!b)document.getElementById('tip~~').className='tooltip_v_noopac'};active~~=1">
###<img class="inf" style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px" src="../info.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span>
<span id="tip~~" class="tooltip_h" style="white-space:normal">
<table id="tab~~" border="0" style="width:160px" ><tr><td onmousedown="x0=event.clientX;y0=event.clientY;fix('tip~~')" onmouseup="drag=0" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color:blue; font-family:monospace"><p style="cursor: move; color:blue; margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:0px; size:12pt; font-weight:bold">&#160;i</p><span style="float: right; margin-top:-15px"><img title="opacity on/off" style="margin-right:10px" onclick="opac_change();" src="../opacity-off.gif" width="10" height="10"/><img onclick="active~~=0;document.getElementById('tip~~').className='tooltip_h'" src="../close.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="white-space:normal">###</p>
</td></tr></table>
</span>
-->

<body bgcolor="#808080" onload="test_MP()">

<font style="size:2px">&#160;</font><center><table class="top" cellpadding="30px"><tr><td class="top">
<div style="align:center"><div id="warning" style="display:none; width:90%; border:1px solid red; padding:10px; margin-top:20px"></div></div>
<h1><i>Ein physikalisches Beispiel: Schwingungen</i></h1>
<hr noshade="noshade" size="1" style="margin-bottom:20px" />

<p style="margin-left:20px; letter-spacing:2pt"><b>1.&#160; Ungedämpfte Schwingungen</b></p>
<p>Ein Massenpunkt der Masse <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>m</mi><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyBaiabg6da+iaaicdaaaa@38A0@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist durch eine (massenlose) Feder an eine Ruhelage gebunden. Entfernt man diesen Punkt in Federrichtung um <i>s</i> Einheiten aus seiner Ruhelage,<img style="float:right; position:relative; left:10pt; top:5pt" border="0" src="federpendel.png" hspace="22" width="57" height="190"/> so stellt sich eine rücktreibende Kraft <i>F</i> ein. Im einfachsten Fall erfüllt sie das <a href="http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Hooke.html">Hooke</a>sche Gesetz, d.h. <i>F</i> ist direkt proportional zu <i>s</i>:</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>F</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOraiabg2da9iabgkHiTiaadseacaWGZbaaaa@3A6B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Der Proportionalitätsfaktor <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>D</mi><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiraiabg6da+iaaicdaaaa@3877@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist dabei die <i>Federkonstante</i>. Ihr Wert hängt von der geometrischen Form, von den Abmessungen und vom Material der Feder ab. Beachte: <i>D</i> bezeichnet in diesem Beispiel <i>nicht</i> die Diskriminante einer quadratischen Gleichung!</p>
<p>Läßt man den Massenpunkt los, so wird er auf Grund des Newtonschen Aktionsprinzips in Richtung der Ruhelage beschleunigt und somit zu einer (eindimensionalen) Bewegung gezwungen. Unterstellt man nun, dass keine weiteren Kräfte auf den Massenpunkt wirken, so ergibt sich die Bewegungsgleichung (in physikalischer Notation) dabei aus der zu jedem Zeitpunkt <i>t</i> bestehenden Gleichheit</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>m</mi><mover>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo lspace='0.2em' mathsize='6pt'>&#x2022;&#x2022;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mo>&#x21D4;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>m</mi><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo lspace='0.2em' mathsize='6pt'>&#x2022;&#x2022;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyBaiqadohagaWaaiabg2da9iabgkHiTiaadseacaWGZbGaaGzbVlabgsDiBlaaywW7caWGTbGabm4CayaadaGaey4kaSIaamiraiaadohacqGH9aqpcaaIWaaaaa@4763@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Geht man davon aus, dass zum Zeitpunkt <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>t</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiabg2da9iaaicdaaaa@38A5@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> der Massenpunkt um <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mover accent='true'>
   <mi>s</mi>
   <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
  </mover>
  
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabm4Cayaajaaaaa@36F4@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> Einheiten aus der Ruhelage entfernt ist, d.h. <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
   </mover>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4CaiaacIcacaaIWaGaaiykaiabg2da9iqadohagaqcaaaa@3B05@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und noch keine Bewegung ausführt, die Anfangsgeschwindigkeit also den Wert 0 hat, d.h. <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo lspace='0.2em' mathsize='6pt'>&#x2022;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabm4CayaacaGaaiikaiaaicdacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaaGimaaaa@3AC0@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so ist die Zeit-Weg-Funktion des Punktes offenbar die eindeutige Lösung der Differentialgleichung (in mathematischer Notation)</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>m</mi><msup>
     <mi>f</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>f</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mo>&#x21D4;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><msup>
     <mi>f</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>D</mi>
    <mi>m</mi>
   </mfrac>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyBaiqadAgagaqbgaqbaiabgUcaRiaadseacaWGMbGaeyypa0JaaGimaiaaywW7cqGHuhY2caaMf8UabmOzayaafyaafaGaey4kaSYaaSaaaeaacaWGebaabaGaamyBaaaacaWGMbGaeyypa0JaaGimaaaa@4808@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>unter der Anfangsbedingung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
   </mover>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaaIWaGaaiykaiabg2da9iqadohagaqcaaaa@3AF8@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>f</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmOzayaafaGaaiikaiaaicdacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaaGimaaaa@3AB6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
<p>Das zugehörige Polynom <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>D</mi>
    <mi>m</mi>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiwamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgUcaRmaalaaabaGaamiraaqaaiaad2gaaaaaaa@3A69@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> hat keine Lösung. Mit den Daten <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>u</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyDaiabg2da9iaaicdaaaa@38A6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>v</mi><mo>=</mo><msqrt>
    <mrow>
     <mfrac>
      <mi>D</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
     </mfrac>
     
    </mrow>
   </msqrt>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamODaiabg2da9maakaaabaWaaSaaaeaacaWGebaabaGaamyBaaaaaSqabaaaaa@39D3@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> erhält man daher unter der Anfangsbedingung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>=</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;</mtext><msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DamaaBaaaleaacaaIWaaabeaakiabg2da9iqadohagaqcaiaacYcacaaMe8Uaam4DamaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaakiabg2da9iaaicdaaaa@3FD0@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> die Lösung nach <a class="ref" href="8_12.xml#7" target="_blank">[8.12.7]</a>:</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>=</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msqrt>
    <mrow>
     <mfrac>
      <mi>D</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
     </mfrac>
     
    </mrow>
   </msqrt>
   <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabg2da9iqadohagaqcaiGacogacaGGVbGaai4CaiaacIcadaGcaaqaamaalaaabaGaamiraaqaaiaad2gaaaaaleqaaOGaamiwaiaacMcaaaa@3FDE@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>,
</div>
<p>in physikalischer Schreibweise also: <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msqrt>
    <mrow>
     <mfrac>
      <mi>D</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
     </mfrac>
     
    </mrow>
   </msqrt>
   <mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4Caiabg2da9iqadohagaqcaiGacogacaGGVbGaai4CaiaacIcadaGcaaqaamaalaaabaGaamiraaqaaiaad2gaaaaaleqaaOGaamiDaiaacMcaaaa@4007@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Damit haben wir die Bewegungsgleichung einer <i>ungedämpften Schwingung</i> hergeleitet. Mit ihr sind weitere Kenndaten der Schwingung gegeben:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Der Betrag der Anfangsentfernung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiqadohagaqcaiaacYhaaaa@38F4@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist die <i>Amplitude</i> der Schwingung. Der Massenpunkt wird sich niemals weiter als <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiqadohagaqcaiaacYhaaaa@38F4@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> von der Ruhelage entfernen.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Die <i>Frequenz </i> <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x03BD;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyVd4gaaa@37A4@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> der Schwingung, also die Anzahl der cos-Perioden pro Zeiteinheit, ergibt sich zu <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>&#x03BD;</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mi>&#x03C0;</mi>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <msqrt>
    <mrow>
     <mfrac>
      <mi>D</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
     </mfrac>
     
    </mrow>
   </msqrt>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyVd4Maeyypa0ZaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaaGOmaiabec8aWbaadaGcaaqaamaalaaabaGaamiraaqaaiaad2gaaaaaleqaaaaa@3DD4@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Die <i>Schwingungsdauer T</i> gibt die Anzahl der Zeiteinheiten an, die für eine cos-Periode benötigt wird. Sie ist der Kehrwert der Frequenz: <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>T</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mi>&#x03BD;</mi>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>&#x03C0;</mi><msqrt>
    <mrow>
     <mfrac>
      <mi>m</mi>
      <mi>D</mi>
     </mfrac>
     
    </mrow>
   </msqrt>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamivaiabg2da9maalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiabe27aUbaacqGH9aqpcaaIYaGaeqiWda3aaOaaaeaadaWcaaqaaiaad2gaaeaacaWGebaaaaWcbeaaaaa@3FB3@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Das folgende Applet simuliert die ungedämpfte Schwingung eines Massenpunktes der Masse <span><i>m</i> = 1 kg.</span> Die Auslenkung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mover accent='true'>
   <mi>s</mi>
   <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
  </mover>
  
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabm4Cayaajaaaaa@36F4@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> lässt sich über einen Schieber auf Werte zwischen <span>&#x2212;1 m</span> und <span>1 m</span> einstellen, die Federkonstante <i>D</i> zwischen <span>0 N/m</span> und <span>100 N/m.</span></p>
<div>
<applet width="600" height="200" code="Schwingung_1.class"></applet>
</div>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-left:20px; letter-spacing:2pt"><b>2.&#160; Gedämpfte Schwingungen</b></p>
<p>Wir befreien uns nun von der sehr idealisierten Voraussetzung, der Massenpunkt unterliege keinen weiteren Kräften. In aller Regel nämlich werden - etwa durch eine innere Reibung im Federmaterial - <i>Reibungskräfte</i> auftreten. Häufig ist eine solche Reibungskraft <i>R</i> der Geschwindigkeit proportional und ihr stets entgegen gerichtet:</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>R</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>k</mi><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo lspace='0.2em' mathsize='6pt'>&#x2022;</mo>
   </mover>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOuaiabg2da9iabgkHiTiaadUgaceWGZbGbaiaaaaa@3AA7@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, &#160;<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>k</mi><mo>&#x2265;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4AaiabgwMiZkaaicdaaaa@395C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Die Bewegungsgleichung muss also modifiziert werden:</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>m</mi><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo lspace='0.2em' mathsize='6pt'>&#x2022;&#x2022;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>k</mi><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo lspace='0.2em' mathsize='6pt'>&#x2022;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mo>&#x21D4;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>m</mi><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo lspace='0.2em' mathsize='6pt'>&#x2022;&#x2022;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>k</mi><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo lspace='0.2em' mathsize='6pt'>&#x2022;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyBaiqadohagaWaaiabg2da9iabgkHiTiaadseacaWGZbGaeyOeI0Iaam4AaiqadohagaGaaiaaywW7cqGHuhY2caaMf8UaamyBaiqadohagaWaaiabgUcaRiaadUgaceWGZbGbaiaacqGHRaWkcaWGebGaam4Caiabg2da9iaaicdaaaa@4D14@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Wir betrachten also jetzt unter der Anfangsbedingung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
   </mover>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaaIWaGaaiykaiabg2da9iqadohagaqcaaaa@3AF8@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>f</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmOzayaafaGaaiikaiaaicdacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaaGimaaaa@3AB6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> die Differentialgleichung 
</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>m</mi><msup>
     <mi>f</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>k</mi><msup>
    <mi>f</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>f</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mo>&#x21D4;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><msup>
     <mi>f</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>k</mi>
    <mi>m</mi>
   </mfrac>
   <msup>
    <mi>f</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>D</mi>
    <mi>m</mi>
   </mfrac>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyBaiqadAgagaqbgaqbaiabgUcaRiaadUgaceWGMbGbauaacqGHRaWkcaWGebGaamOzaiabg2da9iaaicdacaaMf8Uaeyi1HSTaaGzbVlqadAgagaqbgaqbaiabgUcaRmaalaaabaGaam4Aaaqaaiaad2gaaaGabmOzayaafaGaey4kaSYaaSaaaeaacaWGebaabaGaamyBaaaacaWGMbGaeyypa0JaaGimaaaa@4E9C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.
</div>
<p>Je nach Vorzeichen der Diskriminante <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <msup>
      <mi>k</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mn>4</mn><msup>
      <mi>m</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>D</mi>
    <mi>m</mi>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mn>4</mn><msup>
      <mi>m</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup>
    <mi>k</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>m</mi><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacaWGRbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaGcbaGaaGinaiaad2gadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaaaOGaeyOeI0YaaSaaaeaacaWGebaabaGaamyBaaaacqGH9aqpdaWcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaaI0aGaamyBamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaaaaGccaGGOaGaam4AamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgkHiTiaaisdacaWGTbGaamiraiaacMcaaaa@4850@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> sind nun drei Fälle zu unterscheiden. Die Anfangsbedingung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>=</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
   </mover>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DamaaBaaaleaacaaIWaaabeaakiabg2da9iqadohagaqcaaaa@39E6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DamaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaakiabg2da9iaaicdaaaa@3999@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> bleibt unverändert.</p>

<ol>
<li>
<p><span style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:darkgray;"><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow><mspace width='0.1em'/>
   <msup>
    <mi>k</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>m</mi><mi>D</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4AamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabg6da+iaaisdacaWGTbGaamiraaaa@3B50@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> :</span>&#160; Das zugehörige Polynom hat also zwei verschiedene Nullstellen</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline' style="margin-left:-10px">
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left' columnspacing='0'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <msub>
        <mi>c</mi>
        <mn>0</mn>
       </msub>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac>
        <mi>k</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mn>2</mn><mi>m</mi>
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       <mo>+</mo><mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mrow>
         <mn>2</mn><mi>m</mi>
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       <msqrt>
        <mrow>
         <msup>
          <mi>k</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>m</mi><mi>D</mi>
        </mrow>
       </msqrt>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <msub>
        <mi>c</mi>
        <mn>1</mn>
       </msub>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac>
        <mi>k</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mn>2</mn><mi>m</mi>
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mrow>
         <mn>2</mn><mi>m</mi>
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       <msqrt>
        <mrow>
         <msup>
          <mi>k</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>m</mi><mi>D</mi>
        </mrow>
       </msqrt>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaqbaeaabiGaaaqaaiaadogadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaakeaacqGH9aqpcqGHsisldaWcaaqaaiaadUgaaeaacaaIYaGaamyBaaaacqGHRaWkdaWcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaaIYaGaamyBaaaadaGcaaqaaiaadUgadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccqGHsislcaaI0aGaamyBaiaadseaaSqabaaakeaacaWGJbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaaGcbaGaeyypa0JaeyOeI0YaaSaaaeaacaWGRbaabaGaaGOmaiaad2gaaaGaeyOeI0YaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaaGOmaiaad2gaaaWaaOaaaeaacaWGRbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaeyOeI0IaaGinaiaad2gacaWGebaaleqaaaaaaaa@5481@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
</li>
<p>Die Lösung ergibt sich daher nach <a class="ref" href="8_12.xml#5" target="_blank">[8.12.5]</a> zu</p>
<div><a name="a1"></a>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mi>f</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac>
        <mrow>
         <mover accent='true'>
          <mi>s</mi>
          <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
         </mover>
         <msub>
          <mi>c</mi>
          <mn>1</mn>
         </msub>
         
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
         <msub>
          <mi>c</mi>
          <mn>0</mn>
         </msub>
         <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
          <mi>c</mi>
          <mn>1</mn>
         </msub>
         
        </mrow>
       </mfrac><mspace width='0.1em'/>
       <msup>
        <mi>e</mi>
        <mrow>
         <msub>
          <mi>c</mi>
          <mn>0</mn>
         </msub>
         <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
        </mrow>
       </msup>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac>
        <mrow>
         <mover accent='true'>
          <mi>s</mi>
          <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
         </mover>
         <msub>
          <mi>c</mi>
          <mn>0</mn>
         </msub>
         
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
         <msub>
          <mi>c</mi>
          <mn>1</mn>
         </msub>
         <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
          <mi>c</mi>
          <mn>0</mn>
         </msub>
         
        </mrow>
       </mfrac><mspace width='0.1em'/>
       <msup>
        <mi>e</mi>
        <mrow>
         <msub>
          <mi>c</mi>
          <mn>1</mn>
         </msub>
         <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
        </mrow>
       </msup>
       <mo>=</mo><mfrac>
        <mover accent='true'>
         <mi>s</mi>
         <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
        </mover>
        
        <mrow>
         <msub>
          <mi>c</mi>
          <mn>0</mn>
         </msub>
         <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
          <mi>c</mi>
          <mn>1</mn>
         </msub>
         
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
        <mi>c</mi>
        <mn>0</mn>
       </msub>
       <msup>
        <mi>e</mi>
        <mrow>
         <msub>
          <mi>c</mi>
          <mn>1</mn>
         </msub>
         <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
        </mrow>
       </msup>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
        <mi>c</mi>
        <mn>1</mn>
       </msub>
       <msup>
        <mi>e</mi>
        <mrow>
         <msub>
          <mi>c</mi>
          <mn>0</mn>
         </msub>
         <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
        </mrow>
       </msup>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mtext>bzw</mtext><mtext>.</mtext>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac>
        <mover accent='true'>
         <mi>s</mi>
         <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
        </mover>
        
        <mrow>
         <msub>
          <mi>c</mi>
          <mn>0</mn>
         </msub>
         <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
          <mi>c</mi>
          <mn>1</mn>
         </msub>
         
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
        <mi>c</mi>
        <mn>0</mn>
       </msub>
       <msup>
        <mi>e</mi>
        <mrow>
         <msub>
          <mi>c</mi>
          <mn>1</mn>
         </msub>
         <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
       </msup>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
        <mi>c</mi>
        <mn>1</mn>
       </msub>
       <msup>
        <mi>e</mi>
        <mrow>
         <msub>
          <mi>c</mi>
          <mn>0</mn>
         </msub>
         <mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
       </msup>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mtext>.</mtext><mstyle color='#808080' mathvariant='monospace' mathsize='10pt'><mspace width='50pt'/><mtext>[1</mtext><mspace width='0.05em'/><mtext>]</mtext></mstyle>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@7E19@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math><br/>&#160;
</div>
<li>
<p><span style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:darkgray;"><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>  
  <mrow><mspace width='0.1em'/>
   <msup>
    <mi>k</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>m</mi><mi>D</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4AamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabg2da9iaaisdacaWGTbGaamiraaaa@3B4E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> :</span>&#160; Mit <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>c</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>k</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mi>m</mi>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4yaiabg2da9iabgkHiTmaalaaabaGaam4AaaqaaiaaikdacaWGTbaaaaaa@3B75@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> als doppelter Lösung errechnet man hier mit <a class="ref" href="8_12.xml#6" target="_blank">[8.12.6]</a>:</p>
<div><a name="a2"></a>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mi>f</mi><mo>=</mo><mover accent='true'>
        <mi>s</mi>
        <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
       </mover><mspace width='0.1em'/>
       <msup>
        <mi>e</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>c</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
        </mrow>
       </msup>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>c</mi><mover accent='true'>
        <mi>s</mi>
        <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
       </mover>
       <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mspace width='0.1em'/><msup>
        <mi>e</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>c</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
        </mrow>
       </msup>
       <mo>=</mo><mover accent='true'>
        <mi>s</mi>
        <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
       </mover>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mspace width='0.1em'/><msup>
        <mi>e</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>c</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
        </mrow>
       </msup>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mtext>bzw</mtext><mtext>.</mtext>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mover accent='true'>
        <mi>s</mi>
        <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
       </mover>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mspace width='0.1em'/><msup>
        <mi>e</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>c</mi><mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
       </msup>
       <mtext>.</mtext><mstyle color='#808080' mathvariant='monospace' mathsize='10pt'><mspace width='50pt'/><mtext>[2]</mtext></mstyle>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaqbaeaabiGaaaqaaaqaaiaadAgacqGH9aqpceWGZbGbaKaacaWGLbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaWGJbGaamiwaaaakiabgkHiTiaadogaceWGZbGbaKaacaWGybGaamyzamaaCaaaleqabaGaam4yaiaadIfaaaGccqGH9aqpceWGZbGbaKaacaGGOaGaaGymaiabgkHiTiaadogacaWGybGaaiykaiaadwgadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadogacaWGybaaaaGcbaGaaeOyaiaabQhacaqG3bGaaeOlaaqaaiaadohacqGH9aqpceWGZbGbaKaacaGGOaGaaGymaiabgkHiTiaadogacaWG0bGaaiykaiaadwgadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadogacaWG0baaaaaaaaa@5AA1@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math><br/>&#160;
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:darkgray;"><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow><mspace width='0.1em'/>
   <msup>
    <mi>k</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x003C;</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>m</mi><mi>D</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4AamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgYda8iaaisdacaWGTbGaamiraaaa@3B4C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> :</span>&#160; Mit <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>u</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>k</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mi>m</mi>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyDaiabg2da9iabgkHiTmaalaaabaGaam4AaaqaaiaaikdacaWGTbaaaaaa@3B87@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>v</mi><mo>=</mo><msqrt>
    <mrow>
     <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mfrac>
      <mrow>
       <msup>
        <mi>k</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       
      </mrow>
      <mrow>
       <mn>4</mn><msup>
        <mi>m</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       
      </mrow>
     </mfrac>
     <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac>
      <mi>D</mi>
      <mi>m</mi>
     </mfrac>
     <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
   </msqrt>
   <mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mi>m</mi>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <msqrt>
    <mrow>
     <mn>4</mn><mi>m</mi><mi>D</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup>
      <mi>k</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
   </msqrt>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamODaiabg2da9maakaaabaGaeyOeI0IaaiikamaalaaabaGaam4AamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaaaOqaaiaaisdacaWGTbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaaakiabgkHiTmaalaaabaGaamiraaqaaiaad2gaaaGaaiykaaWcbeaakiabg2da9maalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaaikdacaWGTbaaamaakaaabaGaaGinaiaad2gacaWGebGaeyOeI0Iaam4AamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaaaeqaaaaa@4A74@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ergibt sich jetzt die Lösung aus <a class="ref" href="8_12.xml#7" target="_blank">[8.12.7]</a>:</p>
<div><a name="a3"></a>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mi>f</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac>
        <mrow>
         <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mover accent='true'>
          <mi>s</mi>
          <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
         </mover>
         <mi>u</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mi>v</mi>
       </mfrac>
       <mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mspace width='0.1em'/><msup>
        <mi>e</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
        </mrow>
       </msup>
       <mo>+</mo><mover accent='true'>
        <mi>s</mi>
        <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
       </mover>
       <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mspace width='0.1em'/><msup>
        <mi>e</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
        </mrow>
       </msup>
       <mo>=</mo><mover accent='true'>
        <mi>s</mi>
        <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
       </mover>
       <msup>
        <mi>e</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>u</mi><mi>X</mi>
        </mrow>
       </msup>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>X</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac>
        <mi>u</mi>
        <mi>v</mi>
       </mfrac>
       <mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mtext>bzw</mtext><mtext>.</mtext>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
      <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mover accent='true'>
        <mi>s</mi>
        <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
       </mover>
       <msup>
        <mi>e</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>u</mi><mi>t</mi>
        </mrow>
       </msup>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac>
        <mi>u</mi>
        <mi>v</mi>
       </mfrac>
       <mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mtext>.</mtext><mstyle color='#808080' mathvariant='monospace' mathsize='10pt'><mspace width='50pt'/><mtext>[3]</mtext></mstyle>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaqbaeaabiGaaaqaaaqaaiaadAgacqGH9aqpdaWcaaqaaiabgkHiTiqadohagaqcaiaadwhaaeaacaWG2baaaiGacohacaGGPbGaaiOBaiaacIcacaWG2bGaamiwaiaacMcacaWGLbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaWG1bGaamiwaaaakiabgUcaRiqadohagaqcaiGacogacaGGVbGaai4CaiaacIcacaWG2bGaamiwaiaacMcacaWGLbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaWG1bGaamiwaaaakiabg2da9iqadohagaqcaiaadwgadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadwhacaWGybaaaOGaaiikaiGacogacaGGVbGaai4CaiaadAhacaWGybGaeyOeI0YaaSaaaeaacaWG1baabaGaamODaaaaciGGZbGaaiyAaiaac6gacaWG2bGaamiwaiaacMcaaeaacaqGIbGaaeOEaiaabEhacaqGUaaabaGaam4Caiabg2da9iqadohagaqcaiaadwgadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadwhacaWG0baaaOGaaiikaiGacogacaGGVbGaai4CaiaadAhacaWG0bGaeyOeI0YaaSaaaeaacaWG1baabaGaamODaaaaciGGZbGaaiyAaiaac6gacaWG2bGaamiDaiaacMcaaaaaaa@79FE@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math><br/>&#160;
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<p>Bei einer <i>gedämpften Schwingung</i> liegt nur im dritten Fall eine periodische Lösungsfunktion vor, denn nur hier treten überhaupt sin- und cos-Anteile auf.<br/>
Mit der Frequenz <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <msqrt>
      <mrow>
       <mn>4</mn><mi>m</mi><mi>D</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup>
        <mi>k</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       
      </mrow>
     </msqrt>
     
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mn>4</mn><mi>&#x03C0;</mi><mtext>&#x2009;</mtext><mi>m</mi>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaadaGcaaqaaiaaisdacaWGTbGaamiraiabgkHiTiaadUgadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaabeaaaOqaaiaaisdacqaHapaCcaaMc8UaamyBaaaaaaa@404D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist auch die Schwingungsdauer <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <mn>4</mn><mi>&#x03C0;</mi><mtext>&#x2009;</mtext><mi>m</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <msqrt>
      <mrow>
       <mn>4</mn><mi>m</mi><mi>D</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup>
        <mi>k</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       
      </mrow>
     </msqrt>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacaaI0aGaeqiWdaNaaGPaVlaad2gaaeaadaGcaaqaaiaaisdacaWGTbGaamiraiabgkHiTiaadUgadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaabeaaaaaaaa@4043@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> gegeben. Man beachte zudem, dass der Faktor <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>u</mi><mi>t</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyzamaaCaaaleqabaGaamyDaiaadshaaaaaaa@38F6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> hier eine zeitabhängige Amplitude erzwingt. Da <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>u</mi><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyDaiabgYda8iaaicdaaaa@38A4@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, weiß man sogar: <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <munder>
    <mrow>
     <mi>lim</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>&#x221E;</mi>
    </mrow>
   </munder>
   <mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaciGGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaadshacqGHsgIRcqGHEisPaeqaaOGaam4CaiaacIcacaWG0bGaaiykaiabg2da9iaaicdaaaa@4260@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, eine gedämpfte Schwingung kommt also langfristig zum Stillstand.</p>
<p>Das folgende Applet enthält einen zusätzlichen Schieber für die Reibungskonstante <i>k</i>. Um den beschriebenen Stillstand gut beobachten zu können, sollte man für <i>k</i> einen kleinen Wert einstellen..</p>

<div>
<applet width="600" height="200" code="Schwingung_2.class">
</applet>
</div>
<p>&#160;</p>

<p style="margin-left:20px; letter-spacing:2pt"><b>3.&#160; Erzwungene Schwingungen</b></p>
<p>Greift nun an dem schwingenden Massenpunkt eine zusätzliche, sog. <i>äußere Kraft</i> an, so spricht man von einer erzwungenen Schwingung. In der Regel ist dies eine periodische wirkende Kraft der Form </p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>F</mi><mo lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>t</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOraiabgwSixlGacogacaGGVbGaai4CaiabeM8a3jaadshaaaa@3E9A@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>,
</div>
<p>wobei über den Speziallfall <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyYdCNaeyypa0JaaGimaaaa@3979@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> auch konstant wirkende Kräfte mit einbezogen sind. Die Bewegungsgleichung ändert sich dadurch zu:</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>m</mi><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo lspace='0.2em' mathsize='6pt'>&#x2022;&#x2022;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>k</mi><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo lspace='0.2em' mathsize='6pt'>&#x2022;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>F</mi><mo lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>t</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyBaiqadohagaWaaiabgUcaRiaadUgaceWGZbGbaiaacqGHRaWkcaWGebGaam4Caiabg2da9iaadAeacqGHflY1ciGGJbGaai4BaiaacohacqaHjpWDcaWG0baaaa@470A@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>&#160;.
</div>
<p>Es ist also unter der Anfangsbedingung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>=</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;</mtext><msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DamaaBaaaleaacaaIWaaabeaakiabg2da9iqadohagaqcaiaacYcacaaMe8Uaam4DamaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaakiabg2da9iaaicdaaaa@3FD0@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> die inhomogene Differentialgleichung</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
     <mi>f</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;&#x2032;</mo>
    </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>k</mi>
    <mi>m</mi>
   </mfrac>
   <msup>
    <mi>f</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>D</mi>
    <mi>m</mi>
   </mfrac>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>F</mi>
    <mi>m</mi>
   </mfrac><mspace width='0.1em'/>
   <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmOzayaafyaafaGaey4kaSYaaSaaaeaacaWGRbaabaGaamyBaaaaceWGMbGbauaacqGHRaWkdaWcaaqaaiaadseaaeaacaWGTbaaaiaadAgacqGH9aqpdaWcaaqaaiaadAeaaeaacaWGTbaaaiGacogacaGGVbGaai4CaiabeM8a3jaadIfaaaa@46A1@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>zu lösen. Nach <a class="ref" href="8_12.xml#16" target="_blank">[8.12.16-18]</a> ist dazu die Summe des Faltungsprodukts <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>f</mi>
    <mo>&#x2218;</mo>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2217;</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>F</mi>
    <mi>m</mi>
   </mfrac><mspace width='0.1em'/>
   <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaaBaaaleaacqWIyiYBaeqaaOGaey4fIOYaaSaaaeaacaWGgbaabaGaamyBaaaaciGGJbGaai4BaiaacohacqaHjpWDcaWGybaaaa@4080@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und der bereits gefundenen Lösung <i>f</i> der gedämpften Schwingung zu ermitteln (Zur Erinnerung: <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>f</mi>
    <mo>&#x2218;</mo>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaaBaaaleaacqWIyiYBaeqaaaaa@383D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist die Lösung der homogenen Gleichung unter der Anfangsbedingung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0,</mn><mtext>&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;</mtext><msup>
    <mi>f</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaaIWaGaaiykaiabg2da9iaaicdacaGGSaGaaGjbVlqadAgagaqbaiaacIcacaaIWaGaaiykaiabg2da9iaaigdaaaa@41B2@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>). Die Ermittlung dieses Faltungsprodukts ist aber - vor allem im dritten Fall - außerordentlich aufwändig, eine computergestütze Hilfe (wie etwa der bereits erwähnte <a href="http://integrals.wolfram.com/index.jsp" target="_blank">Integrator</a> von Mathematica) ist daher sehr willkommen.</p>
<p>Wir nehmen also noch einmal die drei Fälle des letzten Abschnitts auf und notieren dabei der Reihe nach <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>f</mi>
    <mo>&#x2218;</mo>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaaBaaaleaacqWIyiYBaeqaaaaa@383D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> gemäß <a class="ref" href="8_12.xml#11" target="_blank">[8.12.11]</a>, <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>f</mi>
    <mo>&#x2218;</mo>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2217;</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>F</mi>
    <mi>m</mi>
   </mfrac><mspace width='0.1em'/>
   <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaaBaaaleaacqWIyiYBaeqaaOGaey4fIOYaaSaaaeaacaWGgbaabaGaamyBaaaaciGGJbGaai4BaiaacohacqaHjpWDcaWGybaaaa@4080@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und schließlich die Lösung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>f</mi>
    <mo>&#x2218;</mo>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2217;</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>F</mi>
    <mi>m</mi>
   </mfrac><mspace width='0.1em'/>
   <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>f</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaaBaaaleaacqWIyiYBaeqaaOGaey4fIOYaaSaaaeaacaWGgbaabaGaamyBaaaaciGGJbGaai4BaiaacohacqaHjpWDcaWGybGaey4kaSIaamOzaaaa@424D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> in physikalischer Notation. Mit den Daten <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>c</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;</mtext><msub>
    <mi>c</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;</mtext><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;</mtext><mi>u</mi><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;</mtext><mi>v</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4yamaaBaaaleaacaaIWaaabeaakiaacYcacaaMe8Uaam4yamaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaakiaacYcacaaMe8Uaam4yaiaacYcacaaMe8UaamyDaiaacYcacaaMe8UaamODaaaa@456E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> für die gedämpften Schwingungen erhalten wir dabei:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p><span style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:darkgray;"><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow><mspace width='0.1em'/>
   <msup>
    <mi>k</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>m</mi><mi>D</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4AamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabg6da+iaaisdacaWGTbGaamiraaaa@3B50@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> :</span>&#160;</p>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>f</mi>
    <mo>&#x2218;</mo>
   </msub>
   <mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <msub>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>0</mn>
     </msub>
     <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>1</mn>
     </msub>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup>
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mrow>
     <msub>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>0</mn>
     </msub>
     <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup>
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mrow>
     <msub>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>1</mn>
     </msub>
     <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaaBaaaleaacqWIyiYBaeqaaOGaeyypa0ZaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaam4yamaaBaaaleaacaaIWaaabeaakiabgkHiTiaadogadaWgaaWcbaGaaGymaaqabaaaaOGaaiikaiaadwgadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadogadaWgaaadbaGaaGimaaqabaWccaWGybaaaOGaeyOeI0IaamyzamaaCaaaleqabaGaam4yamaaBaaameaacaaIXaaabeaaliaadIfaaaGccaGGPaaaaa@48AD@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>f</mi>
    <mo>&#x2218;</mo>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2217;</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>F</mi>
    <mi>m</mi>
   </mfrac>
   <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>F</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>m</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>0</mn>
     </msub>
     <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>1</mn>
     </msub>
     <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>0</mn>
     </msub>
     <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>+</mo><msub>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>0</mn>
     </msub>
     <msup>
      <mi>e</mi>
      <mrow>
       <msub>
        <mi>c</mi>
        <mn>0</mn>
       </msub>
       <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
      </mrow>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <msup>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     <mo>+</mo><msubsup>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msubsup>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>1</mn>
     </msub>
     <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>+</mo><msub>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>1</mn>
     </msub>
     <msup>
      <mi>e</mi>
      <mrow>
       <msub>
        <mi>c</mi>
        <mn>1</mn>
       </msub>
       <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
      </mrow>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <msup>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     <mo>+</mo><msubsup>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>1</mn>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msubsup>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaaBaaaleaacqWIyiYBaeqaaOGaey4fIOYaaSaaaeaacaWGgbaabaGaamyBaaaaciGGJbGaai4BaiaacohacqaHjpWDcaWGybGaeyypa0ZaaSaaaeaacaWGgbaabaGaamyBaiaacIcacaWGJbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaeyOeI0Iaam4yamaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaakiaacMcaaaGaaiikamaalaaabaGaeqyYdCNaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaeqyYdCNaamiwaiabgkHiTiaadogadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaGcciGGJbGaai4BaiaacohacqaHjpWDcaWGybGaey4kaSIaam4yamaaBaaaleaacaaIWaaabeaakiaadwgadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadogadaWgaaadbaGaaGimaaqabaWccaWGybaaaaGcbaGaeqyYdC3aaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaey4kaSIaam4yamaaDaaaleaacaaIWaaabaGaaGOmaaaaaaGccqGHsisldaWcaaqaaiabeM8a3jGacohacaGGPbGaaiOBaiabeM8a3jaadIfacqGHsislcaWGJbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaOGaci4yaiaac+gacaGGZbGaeqyYdCNaamiwaiabgUcaRiaadogadaWgaaWcbaGaaGymaaqabaGccaWGLbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaWGJbWaaSbaaWqaaiaaigdaaeqaaSGaamiwaaaaaOqaaiabeM8a3naaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgUcaRiaadogadaqhaaWcbaGaaGymaaqaaiaaikdaaaaaaOGaaiykaaaa@8468@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p>
<p>Mit <a class="ref" href="#a1">[1]</a> erhält man in diesem Fall also die Lösung</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <msub>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>0</mn>
     </msub>
     <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>1</mn>
     </msub>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>F</mi>
    <mi>m</mi>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>0</mn>
     </msub>
     <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>+</mo><msub>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>0</mn>
     </msub>
     <msup>
      <mi>e</mi>
      <mrow>
       <msub>
        <mi>c</mi>
        <mn>0</mn>
       </msub>
       <mi>t</mi>
      </mrow>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <msup>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     <mo>+</mo><msubsup>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msubsup>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>1</mn>
     </msub>
     <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>+</mo><msub>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>1</mn>
     </msub>
     <msup>
      <mi>e</mi>
      <mrow>
       <msub>
        <mi>c</mi>
        <mn>1</mn>
       </msub>
       <mi>t</mi>
      </mrow>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <msup>
      <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     <mo>+</mo><msubsup>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>1</mn>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msubsup>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>c</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msub>
   <msup>
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mrow>
     <msub>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>1</mn>
     </msub>
     <mi>t</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
    <mi>c</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <msup>
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mrow>
     <msub>
      <mi>c</mi>
      <mn>0</mn>
     </msub>
     <mi>t</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@8C09@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div><br/>&#160;
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:darkgray;"><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>  
  <mrow><mspace width='0.1em'/>
   <msup>
    <mi>k</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>m</mi><mi>D</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4AamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabg2da9iaaisdacaWGTbGaamiraaaa@3B4E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> :</span>&#160; </p>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>f</mi>
    <mo>&#x2218;</mo>
   </msub>
   <mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mspace width='0.1em'/><msup>
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>c</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaaBaaaleaacqWIyiYBaeqaaOGaeyypa0JaamiwaiaadwgadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadogacaWGybaaaaaa@3D06@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>f</mi>
    <mo>&#x2218;</mo>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2217;</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>F</mi>
    <mi>m</mi>
   </mfrac>
   <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>F</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>m</mi>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup>
        <mi>c</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup>
        <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup><msup>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup>
    <mi>c</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup>
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>c</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>c</mi><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup>
    <mi>c</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mi>c</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mspace width='0.1em'/><msup>
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>c</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@744D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p>
<p>Nach <a class="ref" href="#a2">[2]</a> erhält man als Lösung jetzt</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>F</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>m</mi><msup>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup>
        <mi>c</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup>
        <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup>
    <mi>c</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup>
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>c</mi><mi>t</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>c</mi><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup>
    <mi>c</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>t</mi><msup>
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>c</mi><mi>t</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><msup>
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>c</mi><mi>t</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4Caiabg2da9maalaaabaGaamOraaqaaiaad2gacaGGOaGaam4yamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgkHiTiabeM8a3naaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiaacMcadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaaaOGaaiikaiaacIcacaWGJbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaeyOeI0IaeqyYdC3aaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaaiykaiaacIcaciGGJbGaai4BaiaacohacqaHjpWDcaWG0bGaeyOeI0IaamyzamaaCaaaleqabaGaam4yaiaadshaaaGccaGGPaGaeyOeI0IaaGOmaiaadogacqaHjpWDciGGZbGaaiyAaiaac6gacqaHjpWDcaWG0bGaey4kaSIaaiikaiaadogadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccqGHRaWkcqaHjpWDdaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccaGGPaGaam4yaiaadshacaWGLbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaWGJbGaamiDaaaakiaacMcacqGHRaWkceWGZbGbaKaacaGGOaGaaGymaiabgkHiTiaadogacaWG0bGaaiykaiaadwgadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadogacaWG0baaaaaa@7501@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div><br/>&#160;
</li>
<li>
<p><span style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-color:darkgray;"><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow><mspace width='0.1em'/>
   <msup>
    <mi>k</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x003C;</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>m</mi><mi>D</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4AamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgYda8iaaisdacaWGTbGaamiraaaa@3B4C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> :</span>&#160; </p>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>f</mi>
    <mo>&#x2218;</mo>
   </msub>
   <mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mi>v</mi>
   </mfrac>
   <mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><msup>
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaaBaaaleaacqWIyiYBaeqaaOGaeyypa0ZaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaamODaaaaciGGZbGaaiyAaiaac6gacaGGOaGaamODaiaadIfacaGGPaGaamyzamaaCaaaleqabaGaamyDaiaadIfaaaaaaa@440A@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left' columnspacing='0'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <msub>
        <mi>f</mi>
        <mo>&#x2218;</mo>
       </msub>
       <mo>&#x2217;</mo><mfrac>
        <mi>F</mi>
        <mi>m</mi>
       </mfrac>
       <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mspace width='0.3em'/>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>=</mo><mfrac>
        <mi>F</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mn>2</mn><mi>v</mi><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup>
          <mi>u</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         <mo>+</mo><msup>
          <mrow>
           <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>v</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
          </mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
        </mrow>
       </mfrac><mspace width='0.1em'/>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>u</mi><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>v</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>u</mi><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>v</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>u</mi><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><msup>
        <mi>e</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
        </mrow>
       </msup>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>+</mo><mfrac>
        <mi>F</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mn>2</mn><mi>v</mi><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup>
          <mi>u</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         <mo>+</mo><msup>
          <mrow>
           <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>v</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
          </mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>u</mi><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>v</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>u</mi><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>v</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>u</mi><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><msup>
        <mi>e</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>u</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
        </mrow>
       </msup>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@1590@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p>
<p>Aus Bequemlichkeit notieren wir die Lösung hier nur in ihrer abgekürzten Form. Dabei haben wir <a class="ref" href="#a3">[3]</a> benutzt.</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><msub>
    <mi>f</mi>
    <mo>&#x2218;</mo>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2217;</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>F</mi>
    <mi>m</mi>
   </mfrac>
   <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>&#x03C9;</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mo>&#x005E;</mo>
   </mover>
   <msup>
    <mi>e</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>u</mi><mi>t</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>u</mi>
    <mi>v</mi>
   </mfrac>
   <mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4Caiabg2da9iaadAgadaWgaaWcbaGaeSigI8gabeaakiabgEHiQmaalaaabaGaamOraaqaaiaad2gaaaGaci4yaiaac+gacaGGZbGaeqyYdCNaamiwaiaacIcacaWG0bGaaiykaiabgUcaRiqadohagaqcaiaadwgadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadwhacaWG0baaaOGaaiikaiGacogacaGGVbGaai4CaiaadAhacaWG0bGaeyOeI0YaaSaaaeaacaWG1baabaGaamODaaaaciGGZbGaaiyAaiaac6gacaWG2bGaamiDaiaacMcaaaa@57AC@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<p>Erzwungene Schwingungen sind äußerst komplexe Prozesse. Bei ihren Lösungsfunktionen lassen sich daher auch nur wenige allgemeine Tendenzen beobachten:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Ist die äußere Kraft konstant, etwa als Resultat der Erdbeschleunigung, so wird lediglich die Nulllage der Schwingung verschoben.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Störfrequenzen, die nahe bei der Eigenfrequenz liegen, führen zu einem unbegrenzten Amplitudenwachstum. In realen Situationen kommt es dabei zu einer Zerstörung des Systems (<i>Resonanzkatastrophe</i>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Eine zusätzliche Dämpfung führt in der Regel nach einer Einschwingphase zu stabilen Verhältnissen. Frequenzbestimmend ist dabei die Störfrequenz.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Im unserem letzen Applet lassen sich nun auch die Größe <i>F</i> der äußeren Kraft und ihre Störfrequenz <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x03C9;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyYdChaaa@37B9@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> variieren. Die gerade beschriebenen Verhältnisse können durch geeignete Schieberstellungen überprüft werden.</p>
<div>
<applet width="600" height="200" code="Schwingung.class"></applet>
</div>
<p>&#160;</p>

<script language="javascript">
if(document.referrer.search(/8_12/) == -1){
document.writeln('<hr noshade="noshade" size="1" style="margin-top: 20px" /><p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.mathproject.de/Integralrechnung/8_12.xml#sw"><img width="16" height="16" border="0" src="back1.gif"/></a></p>');
}
</script>
</td></tr>
</table></center><br/><font style="size:2px">&#160;</font>
</body>
</html>

