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  <meta name="description" content="online Kurs Mathematik"/>
  <meta name="author" content="Steffen"/>
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  <meta name="date" content="2000-06-24"/>
  <meta name="keywords" content="Zwischenwertsatz, Vollständigkeitsaxiom, Annahme von Maximum und Minimum, Nullstellensatz, Zwischenwertsatz, beschränkte Funktionen, abgeschlossenes Intervall, Nullstelle, Intervallhalbierung, Approximation, archimedisch geordnet, Wertemenge"/>
  <title>mathproject >> 6.6. Stetige Funktionen auf abgeschlossenen Intervallen</title>
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<p><u><b>Definition:</b></u> &#160;</p>

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 <div>
 
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="1">[6.6.1]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;<br/>
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<h1>6.6. <i>Stetige Funktionen auf abgeschlossenen Intervallen</i></h1>
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<p>Wie bereits angedeutet, haben stetige Funktionen auf abgeschlossenen Intervallen besondere Eigenschaften. Der <i>Zwischenwertsatz</i> und der <i>Satz über die Annahme des Maximums und Minimums</i> sind hier zwei klassische Stetigkeitssätze. Mit ihnen beschäftigt sich dieser Abschnitt.</p>
<p>Alle hier notierten Ergebnisse gelten nur auf geschlossenen Intervallen und sind darüber hinaus streng an die reellen Zahlen gebunden, denn zentrales Beweisargument ist oft das <i><span title="Klicken zeigt / verbirgt eine kurze Übersicht" style="color:blue; cursor:pointer" onclick="document.getElementById('va').style.display=key[i];i=(i+1)%2">Vollständigkeitsaxiom</span></i>, ein Satz, der nur in <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
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</math> der einzige, der das <i>Vollständigkeitsaxiom</i> erfüllt:</p>
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 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgIGiolaadgeaaaa@38B0@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> mit <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>y</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgYda8iaadMhaaaa@3868@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>A</mi><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x2282;</mo><mi>B</mi><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mo>&#x21D2;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>sup</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mi>sup</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>B</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p></td><td>&#160;</td><td>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>A</mi><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x2282;</mo><mi>B</mi><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mo>&#x21D2;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>inf</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#x2265;</mo><mi>inf</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>B</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p></td></tr>
</table>
</p>

</td></tr></table>

<p>Der <i>Nullstellensatz</i> ist anschaulich leicht einzusehen: Da die reelle <i>x</i>-Achse keine Lücken hat, kann sie von einer stetigen Funktion nicht übersprungen, sondern muss von ihr geschnitten werden.</p>
<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Satz&#160;(</b><i>Nullstellensatz</i><b>):</b></u> &#160;Es sei&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><msup>
    <mi mathvariant='script'>C</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgIGiolaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2facaGGPaaaaa@3F27@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Haben die Funktionswerte an den Intervallgrenzen ein unterschiedliches Vorzeichen, also etwa&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaiabgYda8iaaicdacqGH8aapcaWGMbGaaiikaiaadkgacaGGPaaaaa@3E80@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so besitzt&#160; <i>f</i> eine Nullstelle im Inneren von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@39A6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, d.h. es gibt ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaiaGaeyicI4SaaiyxaiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaacUfaaaa@3C36@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so dass</p>

<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcaceWG4bGbaGaacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaaGimaaaa@3A79@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="1">[6.6.1]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;Wir skizzieren zunächst die Grundidee: Wählt man unter allen <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgIGiolaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbaaaa@3C27@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> mit negativem Funktionswert das größte aus, so liegen rechts von dieser Stelle nur noch Zahlen mit positiven Funktionswerten. An dieser "Übergangsstelle vom Negativen zum Positiven" darf man daher den Funktionswert 0 erwarten.
</p>
<p>Wir betrachten also die Menge</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>A</mi><mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.4em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#x007D;</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x2282;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabg2da9iaacUhacaWG4bGaeyicI4Saai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2facaGG8bGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabgsMiJkaaicdacaGG9bGaeyOGIWSaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@4CDC@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p><i>A</i> ist nicht leer, denn da&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaiabgYda8iaaicdaaaa@3A51@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, gehört <i>a</i> zu <i>A</i>. Als Teilmenge von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@39A6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist <i>A</i> außerdem beschränkt, besitzt also gemäß Vollständigkeitsaxiom ein Supremum.</p>

<p>Setzen wir zur Abkürzung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mi>sup</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>A</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaiaGaeyypa0Jaci4CaiaacwhacaGGWbGaamyqaaaa@3B27@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so hat man zunächst: <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaiaGaeyicI4Saai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@3C36@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Und weil oberhalb von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mover accent='true'>
   <mi>x</mi>
   <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
  </mover>
  
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaiaaaaa@3675@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> keine Elemente aus <i>A</i> liegen können, ist</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn><mtext>&#160; für alle &#160;</mtext><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabg6da+iaaicdacaqGMbGaaei=aiaabkhacaqGGaGaaeyyaiaabYgacaqGSbGaaeyzaiaadIhacqGHiiIZcaGGDbGabmiEayaaiaGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbaaaa@48FC@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math><span style="margin-left:50" class="num"><a name="a0">[0]</a></span>
</div>
<p>Indem wir die Möglichkeiten&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcaceWG4bGbaGaacaGGPaGaeyOpa4JaaGimaaaa@3A7B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcaceWG4bGbaGaacaGGPaGaeyipaWJaaGimaaaa@3A77@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ausschließen, zeigen wir jetzt:&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcaceWG4bGbaGaacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaaGimaaaa@3A79@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Ist&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcaceWG4bGbaGaacaGGPaGaeyOpa4JaaGimaaaa@3A7B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, also insbesondere <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>&#x2260;</mo><mi>a</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaiaGaeyiyIKRaamyyaaaa@3922@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so gibt es gemäß <a class="ref" href="6_4.xml#1" target="_blank">[6.4.1]</a> eine relative <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x03B5;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyTdugaaa@3710@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>-Umgebung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mover accent='true'>
      <mi>x</mi>
      <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
     </mover>
     <mo>,</mo><mi>&#x03B5;</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x2229;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x03B5;</mi><mo>,</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>&#x03B5;</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2fadaWgaaWcbaGabmiEayaaiaGaaiilaiabew7aLbqabaGccqGH9aqpcaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaiabgMIihlaac2faceWG4bGbaGaacqGHsislcqaH1oqzcaGGSaGabmiEayaaiaGaey4kaSIaeqyTduMaai4waaaa@4DC5@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so dass</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn><mtext>&#160; für alle &#160;</mtext><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><msub>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mover accent='true'>
      <mi>x</mi>
      <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
     </mover>
     <mo>,</mo><mi>&#x03B5;</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabg6da+iaaicdacaqGMbGaaei=aiaabkhacaqGGaGaaeyyaiaabYgacaqGSbGaaeyzaiaadIhacqGHiiIZcaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxamaaBaaaleaaceWG4bGbaGaacaGGSaGaeqyTdugabeaaaaa@4C63@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Da <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>&#x2260;</mo><mi>a</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaiaGaeyiyIKRaamyyaaaa@3922@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, findet man in <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@39A6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>y</mi><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyEaiabgYda8iqadIhagaacaaaa@3877@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so dass&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabg6da+iaaicdaaaa@3A6C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> für alle <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>,</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgIGiolaacUfacaWG5bGaaiilaiqadIhagaacaiaac2faaaa@3C64@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Mit <a class="ref" href="#a0">[0]</a> hat man daher: <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>A</mi><mo>&#x2282;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabgkOimlaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadMhacaGGBbaaaa@3C7D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und somit den Widerspruch&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>=</mo><mi>sup</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaiaGaeyypa0Jaci4CaiaacwhacaGGWbGaamyqaiabgsMiJkaadMhacqGH8aapceWG4bGbaGaaaaa@3FEA@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Ist&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcaceWG4bGbaGaacaGGPaGaeyipaWJaaGimaaaa@3A77@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, also insbesondere <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>&#x2260;</mo><mi>b</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaiaGaeyiyIKRaamOyaaaa@3923@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so gibt es, noch einmal nach <a class="ref" href="6_4.xml#1" target="_blank">[6.4.1]</a>, eine relative <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x03B5;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyTdugaaa@3710@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>-Umgebung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mover accent='true'>
      <mi>x</mi>
      <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
     </mover>
     <mo>,</mo><mi>&#x03B5;</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x2229;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x03B5;</mi><mo>,</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>&#x03B5;</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2fadaWgaaWcbaGabmiEayaaiaGaaiilaiabew7aLbqabaGccqGH9aqpcaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaiabgMIihlaac2faceWG4bGbaGaacqGHsislcqaH1oqzcaGGSaGabmiEayaaiaGaey4kaSIaeqyTduMaai4waaaa@4DC5@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
, so dass</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mn>0</mn><mtext>&#160; für alle &#160;</mtext><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><msub>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mover accent='true'>
      <mi>x</mi>
      <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
     </mover>
     <mo>,</mo><mi>&#x03B5;</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabgYda8iaaicdacaqGMbGaaei=aiaabkhacaqGGaGaaeyyaiaabYgacaqGSbGaaeyzaiaadIhacqGHiiIZcaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxamaaBaaaleaaceWG4bGbaGaacaGGSaGaeqyTdugabeaaaaa@4C5F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Da <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>&#x2260;</mo><mi>b</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaiaGaeyiyIKRaamOyaaaa@3923@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, findet man in <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@39A6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabg6da+iqadIhagaacaaaa@387A@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> mit&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabgYda8iaaicdaaaa@3A68@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> im Widerspruch zu <a class="ref" href="#a0">[0]</a>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Also ist&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcaceWG4bGbaGaacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaaGimaaaa@3A79@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, womit auch <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaiaGaeyicI4SaaiyxaiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaacUfaaaa@3C36@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> sichergestellt ist.</p>
</td></tr></table>

<p><span class="num" style="color:black"><tt>Beachte:</tt></span> Die Voraussetzungen für den Nullstellensatz lassen sich nicht abschwächen. So hat z.B.</p>

<ul>
  <li><p>die auf <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mo>&#x2260;</mo><mn>0</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiabgkHiTiaaigdacaGGSaGaaGymaiaac2fadaahaaWcbeqaaiabgcMi5kaaicdaaaaaaa@3CEA@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> stetige Funktion <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaamiwaaaaaaa@3711@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> keine Nullstelle.</p>
  </li>
  <li><p>die auf <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiabgkHiTiaaigdacaGGSaGaaGymaiaac2faaaa@3A3C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> unstetige Funktion <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi mathvariant='normal'>H</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamisaiabgkHiTmaalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaaikdaaaaaaa@38AA@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> keine Nullstelle.</p>
  </li>
  <li><p>die auf <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2229;</mo><mi>&#x211A;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaaicdacaGGSaGaaGOmaiaac2facqGHPiYXcqWIAecPaaa@3C5D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> stetige Funktion <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup>
    <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>&#x211A;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadIfadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccqGHsislcaaIYaGaaiykaiaacYhacqWIAecPaaa@3CAB@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> keine Nullstelle.</p>
  </li><br/>&#160;
</ul>

<p>Der Nullstellensatz bietet die Grundlage für eine wichtige mathematische Aufgabe: Da sich Gleichungen nur selten <i>exakt</i> lösen lassen, wird man versuchen, auf möglichst gute <i>Näherungslösungen</i> auszuweichen. 
Oft benutzt man dazu iterative Verfahren, die eine Folge von (immer besseren) Näherungen liefern.</p>
<p>Dies gelingt zum Beispiel mit einer <i>iterierten Intervallhalbierung</i>, einer Methode, bei der die Lage der Lösungszahl durch immer engere Intervalle eingegrenzt wird. Wir verdeutlichen dieses Verfahren an einem Beispiel: Die Lösungen der Gleichung</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mn>3</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEamaaCaaaleqabaGaaG4maaaakiabgUcaRiaadIhacqGHsislcaaIXaGaeyypa0JaaGimaaaa@3CA1@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>sind genau die Nullstellen der stetigen Funktion&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>=</mo><msup>
    <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
    <mn>3</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabg2da9iaadIfadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaiodaaaGccqGHRaWkcaWGybGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaaa@3C92@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Mit dem Nullstellensatz können wir daher folgendermaßen argumentieren:</p>
<ol start="0">
<li><p>Da&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaaIWaGaaiykaiabg2da9iabgkHiTiaaigdaaaa@3B15@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaaIXaGaaiykaiabg2da9iaaigdaaaa@3A29@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> besitzt&#160; <i>f</i> eine Nullstelle im <i>Startintervall</i>&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaaicdacaGGSaGaaGymaiaac2faaaa@394E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p></li>
<li><p>Im Intervallmittelpunkt <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mi>m</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>=</mo><mn>0.5</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEamaaBaaaleaacaWGTbaabeaakiabg2da9iaaicdacaGGUaGaaGynaaaa@3ABF@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0.5</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>0.375</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaaIWaGaaiOlaiaaiwdacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaeyOeI0IaaGimaiaac6cacaaIZaGaaG4naiaaiwdaaaa@3F74@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, daher hat&#160; <i>f</i> eine Nullstelle im rechten <i>Teilintervall</i>&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0.5</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p></li>
<li><p>Durch Iteration des vorherigen Schritts erzeugt man eine Folge von <i>Nullstellenintervallen</i>, deren Länge bei jedem Schritt halbiert wird.</p></li>
</ol>

<form name="F1">
  <p>Die folgende Tabelle zeigt die Startsituation. Die Rechnergenauigkeit läßt bis zu 20 Iterationsschritte zu. Wir <input type="button" style="position:relative; top:1; height:20; width:77; font-size:10pt; font-family:Courier New" value="berechnen" name="B1" onclick="iterate(getElementById('in').value)"/> etwa die ersten <input style="font-family: Courier New; font-size: 11pt; color:blue; text-align: center; margin-bottom: -1.0pt; border: 0px solid #0000FF; padding-left: 4; padding-right: 0; padding-top: 1; padding-bottom: 1; width:18pt" id="in" type="text" name="T1" value="12"/>:</p>
  <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%">
    <tr>
      <td height="30"><span><i style="font-size:11pt; margin-left:1">Schritt</i> |&#160;      &#160;<math style="margin-right:82" xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mi>m</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><msubsup>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mi>m</mi>
    <mn>3</mn>
   </msubsup>
   <mo>+</mo><msub>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mi>m</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad2gaaeqaaOGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadIhadaqhaaWcbaGaamyBaaqaaiaaiodaaaGccqGHRaWkcaWG4bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad2gaaeqaaOGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaaa@426A@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>|&#160;      &#160;
<i style="font-size:11pt">Nullstellenintervall</i></span></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="100%" colspan="3" align="center">
      <textarea id="out" rows="5" name="S1" cols="75" style="background-color:silver; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 10pt; border: 1px solid #0000FF; padding-left: 4; padding-right: 4; padding-top: 1; padding-bottom: 1"></textarea></td>
    </tr>
  </table>
  <p>Der Mittelpunkt des letzten Nullstellenintervalls <input type="text" id="T2" size="20" style="width:120pt; text-align:center; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 10pt; border: 1px solid #0000FF; padding-left: 4; padding-right: 4; padding-top: 1; padding-bottom: 1"/> 
  ist jetzt eine Zahl, die höchstens 2<sup><input style="margin-bottom:5; border: 0px solid #0000FF; text-align:left; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 10pt; width:20pt" type="text" id="T4" size="3"/></sup> = <input style="width:125pt; text-align:center; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 10pt; border: 1px solid #0000FF; padding-left: 4; padding-right: 4; padding-top: 1; padding-bottom: 1" type="text" id="T3" size="30"/> Einheiten von der echten Nullstelle entfernt liegen kann. Damit ist eine Lösung auf mindestens <input style="margin-bottom:-2; text-align:left; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 10pt; border: 1px solid #0000FF; padding-left: 4; padding-right: 4; padding-top: 1; padding-bottom: 1; width:14pt" type="text" id="T5" size="1"/> Dezimalstellen genau bestimmt.</p>
</form>
<p>Dieses Verfahren der iterierten Intervalhalbierung stellt ein einfaches Approximationsverfahren dar, bei dem die Schnelligkeit der Approximation unberücksichtigt bleibt. Ausgefeiltere Verfahren (wie etwa die <i>regula falsi</i> oder das <i>Newton</i>-Verfahren) versuchen, die Laufzeit zu optimieren.</p>

<p>Wir fahren nun mit dem eigentlichen Thema dieses Abschnitts fort und wenden uns dem Zwischenwertsatz zu. Mit dem üblichen "Differenztrick" können wir ihn leicht aus dem Nullstellensatz gewinnen.</p>
<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Satz&#160;(</b><i>Zwischenwertsatz</i><b>):</b></u> &#160;Es sei&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><msup>
    <mi mathvariant='script'>C</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgIGiolaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2facaGGPaaaaa@3F27@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>c</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>&#x211D;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4yaiabgIGiolabl2riHcaa@3945@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Liegt <i>c</i> zwischen&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaaaa@3893@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWGIbGaaiykaaaa@3894@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, also etwa&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaiabgYda8iaadogacqGH8aapcaWGMbGaaiikaiaadkgacaGGPaaaaa@3EAE@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so gibt es ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaiaGaeyicI4SaaiyxaiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaacUfaaaa@3C36@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so dass</p>

<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>c</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcaceWG4bGbaGaacaGGPaGaeyypa0Jaam4yaaaa@3AA7@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> 
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="2">[6.6.2]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;Für die stetige Funktion&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><msup>
    <mi mathvariant='script'>C</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgkHiTiaadogacqGHiiIZcaWGdbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIWaaaaOGaaiikaiaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbGaaiykaaaa@40FC@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> hat man:&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgkHiTiaadogacaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcacqGH8aapcaaIWaGaeyipaWJaamOzaiabgkHiTiaadogacaGGOaGaamOyaiaacMcaaaa@422A@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Also gibt es gemäß Nullstellensatz <a class="ref" href="#1">[6.6.1]</a> ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaiaGaeyicI4SaaiyxaiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaacUfaaaa@3C36@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so dass</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mo>&#x21D4;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>c</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgkHiTiaadogacaGGOaGabmiEayaaiaGaaiykaiabg2da9iaaicdacaaMf8Uaeyi1HSTaaGzbVlaadAgacaGGOaGabmiEayaaiaGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadogaaaa@4704@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
</td></tr></table>

<p>Wir benutzen noch einmal das Differenzargument um zwei Funktionen vergleichen zu können: Zwei stetige Funktionen müssen sich schneiden, wenn ihre Funktionswerte an den Intervallecken unterschiedlich positioniert sind.</p>
<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Aufgabe:</b></u> &#160;Es sei&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>g</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><msup>
    <mi mathvariant='script'>C</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacYcacaWGNbGaeyicI4Saam4qamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGimaaaakiaacIcacaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaiaacMcaaaa@40C3@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so dass&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaiabgYda8iaadEgacaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcaaaa@3CC2@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWGIbGaaiykaiabg6da+iaadEgacaGGOaGaamOyaiaacMcaaaa@3CC8@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
<p>Zeige:&#160; <i>f</i> und <i>g</i> besitzen einen Schnittpunkt im Inneren von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@39A6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, d.h. es gibt ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaiaGaeyicI4SaaiyxaiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaacUfaaaa@3C36@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so dass</p>

<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcaceWG4bGbaGaacaGGPaGaeyypa0Jaam4zaiaacIcaceWG4bGbaGaacaGGPaaaaa@3D10@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="3">[6.6.3]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
 <mphantom><mo mathsize='18pt'>|</mo></mphantom>
 </semantics></mstyle>
</math>
<span id="tt1" style="color:red; size:14pt; font-weight:bold; display:''" onmouseover="this.style.cursor='pointer'" onclick="document.getElementById('tt2').style.display=''; this.style.display='none'">?</span><span id="tt2" style="display:none; white-space:normal" onmouseover="this.style.cursor='hand'" onclick="this.style.display='none'; document.getElementById('tt1').style.display=''">Für die stetige Funktion&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>g</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><msup>
    <mi mathvariant='script'>C</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgkHiTiaadEgacqGHiiIZcaWGdbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIWaaaaOGaaiikaiaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbGaaiykaaaa@4100@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> hat man:&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgkHiTiaadEgacaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcacqGH8aapcaaIWaGaeyipaWJaamOzaiabgkHiTiaadEgacaGGOaGaamOyaiaacMcaaaa@4232@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Gemäß Nullstellensatz <a class="ref" href="#1">[6.6.1]</a> gibt es daher ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaiaGaeyicI4SaaiyxaiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaacUfaaaa@3C36@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> mit&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mo>&#x21D4;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgkHiTiaadEgacaGGOaGabmiEayaaiaGaaiykaiabg2da9iaaicdacaaMf8Uaeyi1HSTaaGzbVlaadAgacaGGOaGabmiEayaaiaGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadEgacaGGOaGabmiEayaaiaGaaiykaaaa@4971@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</span>
</p>
</td></tr></table>

<p>Den Satz von der Annahme des Maximums und Minimums bereiten wir mit einer Aussage vor, die auch für sich allein interessant ist: Stetige Funktionen auf abgeschlossenen Intervallen sind beschränkt.
</p>
<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Satz:</b></u> &#160;Ist&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><msup>
    <mi mathvariant='script'>C</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgIGiolaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2facaGGPaaaaa@3F27@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so ist&#160; <i>f</i> beschränkt, d.h. es gibt ein <i>c</i>, so dass</p>

<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mi>c</mi><mtext>&#160; für alle &#160;</mtext><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaadAgacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcacaGG8bGaeyizImQaam4yaiaabAgacaqG8dGaaeOCaiaabccacaqGHbGaaeiBaiaabYgacaqGLbGaamiEaiabgIGiolaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbaaaa@4BAF@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="4">[6.6.4]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;Nach <a class="ref" href="6_5.xml#5" target="_blank">[6.5.5]</a> ist&#160; <i>f</i> auf <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@39A6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> gleichmäßig stetig. Also gibt zu 1 ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>&#x03B4;</mi><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqiTdqMaeyOpa4JaaGimaaaa@38D0@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so dass für alle <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiaacYcacaWG5bGaeyicI4Saai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@3DD5@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> gilt:
</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>&#x03B4;</mi><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mo>&#x21D2;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaadIhacqGHsislcaWG5bGaaiiFaiabgYda8iabes7aKjaaywW7cqGHshI3caaMf8UaaiiFaiaadAgacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcacqGHsislcaWGMbGaaiikaiaadMhacaGGPaGaaiiFaiabgYda8iaaigdaaaa@4DA2@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math><span style="margin-left:50" class="num"><a name="a1">[1]</a></span>
</div>
<p>Da <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHekaaa@36D9@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> <span class="inf" style="white-space:normal" onmouseover="if(active0==0){position('tip0','tab0',event.clientX,event.clientY); document.getElementById('tip0').className='tooltip_v'};active0=1">
archimedisch geordnet<img class="inf" style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px" src="../info.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span>
<!--##################### tip0 ##############-->
<span id="tip0" class="tooltip_h">
<table id="tab0" border="0" style="width:400px" ><tr><td onmousedown="x0=event.clientX;y0=event.clientY;fix('tip0')" onmouseup="drag=0" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color:blue; font-family:monospace"><p style="cursor: move; color:blue; margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:0px; size:12pt; font-weight:bold">&#160;i</p><img onclick="active0=0;document.getElementById('tip0').className='tooltip_h'" src="../close.gif" width="10" height="10" style="float: right; margin-top:-15px"/></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="white-space:normal">Das bedeutet: <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyfHukaaa@3755@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist eine unbeschränkte Teilmenge von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mi>&#x211D;</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiabl2riHkaacYcacqGHKjYOcaGGPaaaaa@3B17@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Es gibt also eine größte natürliche Zahl <i>k</i>, so dass <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>k</mi><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <mi>b</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>a</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mi>&#x03B4;</mi>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4AaiabgsMiJoaalaaabaGaamOyaiabgkHiTiaadggaaeaacqaH0oazaaaaaa@3CFD@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
</td></tr></table>
</span>
<!--##################### ende tip0 ##############-->
 ist, fällt die Menge <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x2229;</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>n</mi><mi>&#x03B4;</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>&#x2115;</mi><mo>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2facqGHPiYXcaGG7bGaamyyaiabgUcaRiaad6gacqaH0oazcaGG8bGaamOBaiabgIGiolablwriLkaac2haaaa@4687@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> endlich aus, d.h. es gibt ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>k</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>&#x2115;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4AaiabgIGiolablwriLcaa@3949@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, derart dass</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x2229;</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>n</mi><mi>&#x03B4;</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>&#x2115;</mi><mo>&#x007D;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>&#x03B4;</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>&#x03B4;</mi><mo>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2facqGHPiYXcaGG7bGaamyyaiabgUcaRiaad6gacqaH0oazcaGG8bGaamOBaiabgIGiolablwriLkaac2hacqGH9aqpcaGG7bGaamyyaiabgUcaRiaaicdacqGHflY1cqaH0oazcaGGSaGaeSOjGSKaaiilaiaadggacqGHRaWkcaWGRbGaeyyXICTaeqiTdqMaaiyFaaaa@5927@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Daraus nun ergibt sich die Abschätzung</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mi>max</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>&#x03B4;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>&#x03B4;</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>,</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x007D;</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaadAgacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcacaGG8bGaeyizImQaam4yaiabg2da9iGac2gacaGGHbGaaiiEaiaacUhacaGG8bGaamOzaiaacIcacaWGHbGaey4kaSIaaGimaiabgwSixlabes7aKjaacMcacaGG8bGaaiilaiablAciljaacYcacaGG8bGaamOzaiaacIcacaWGHbGaey4kaSIaam4AaiabgwSixlabes7aKjaacYhacaGGSaGaaiiFaiaadAgacaGGOaGaamOyaiaacMcacaGG8bGaaiyFaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaaa@620E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>,
</div>
<p>denn zu jedem <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgIGiolaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbaaaa@3C27@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, o.E. <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2260;</mo><mi>b</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgcMi5kaadkgaaaa@3914@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, findet man ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mi>k</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyAaiabgsMiJkaadUgaaaa@38FC@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, derart dass <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>&#x03B4;</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>&#x03B4;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>[</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgIGiolaacUfacaWGHbGaey4kaSIaamyAaiabgwSixlabes7aKjaacYcacaWGHbGaey4kaSIaaiikaiaadMgacqGHRaWkcaaIXaGaaiykaiabgwSixlabes7aKjaacUfaaaa@4A98@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, also <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>&#x03B4;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>&#x03B4;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaadIhacqGHsislcaGGOaGaamyyaiabgUcaRiaadMgacqGHflY1cqaH0oazcaGGPaGaaiiFaiabgYda8iabes7aKbaa@43FA@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so dass wir mit <a class="ref" href="#a1">[1]</a> folgendermaßen abschätzen können:</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left' rowspacing='1.3ex'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>&#x03B4;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>&#x03B4;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mn>1</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>&#x21D2;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>&#x03B4;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mi>c</mi>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaqbaeaabiGaaaqaaaqaaiaacYhacaWGMbGaaiikaiaadIhacaGGPaGaaiiFaiabgkHiTiaacYhacaWGMbGaaiikaiaadggacqGHRaWkcaWGPbGaeyyXICTaeqiTdqMaaiykaiaacYhacqGHKjYOcaGG8bGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabgkHiTiaadAgacaGGOaGaamyyaiabgUcaRiaadMgacqGHflY1cqaH0oazcaGGPaGaaiiFaiabgsMiJkaaigdaaeaacqGHshI3caaMf8oabaGaaiiFaiaadAgacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcacaGG8bGaeyizImQaaiiFaiaadAgacaGGOaGaamyyaiabgUcaRiaadMgacqGHflY1cqaH0oazcaGGPaGaaiiFaiabgUcaRiaaigdacqGHKjYOcaWGJbaaaaaa@73CF@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
</td></tr></table>

<p>Damit ist gewährleistet, dass stetige Funktionen auf abgeschlossenen Intervallen Schranken haben müssen. Der folgende Satz zeigt darüber hinaus, dass einige dieser Schranken sogar Funktionswerte sind.
</p>

<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Satz&#160;(</b><i>über die Annahme des Maximums und Minimums</i><b>):</b></u> &#160;Ist&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><msup>
    <mi mathvariant='script'>C</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgIGiolaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2facaGGPaaaaa@3F27@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so gibt es zwei Zahlen <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <munder accentunder='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </munder>
   <mo>,</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaDaGaaiilaiqadIhagaqeaiabgIGiolaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbaaaa@3E10@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> derart dass</p>

<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><munder accentunder='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </munder>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mtext>&#160; für alle &#160;</mtext><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="5">[6.6.5]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;Wir weisen zunächst die Existenz eines Minimums nach. Dazu zeigen wir, dass die nach <a class="ref" href="#4">[6.6.4]</a> existierende Zahl</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>c</mi><mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mi>inf</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo rspace='0.2em' lspace='0.1em'>&#x007B;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4yaiabg2da9iGacMgacaGGUbGaaiOzaiaacUhacaWGMbGaaiikaiaadIhacaGGPaGaaiiFaiaadIhacqGHiiIZcaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaiaac2haaaa@4721@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>ein Funktionswert ist. Zunächst ist <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>c</mi><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4yaiabgsMiJkaadAgacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcaaaa@3B47@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>&#160;<span class="num"><a name="a2">[2]</a></span> für alle <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgIGiolaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbaaaa@3C27@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, und da oberhalb von <i>c</i> keine weiteren unteren Schranken liegen können, gibt es zu jedem <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
    <mo>&#x2217;</mo>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOBaiabgIGiolablwriLoaaCaaaleqabaGaey4fIOcaaaaa@3A68@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgIGiolaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbaaaa@3D50@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> so dass
</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>c</mi><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>+</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4yaiabgsMiJkaadAgacaGGOaGaamiEamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcacqGH8aapcaWGJbGaey4kaSYaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaamOBaaaaaaa@40FC@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math><span style="margin-left:50" class="num"><a name="a3">[3]</a></span>
</div>
<p>Nach dem Satz von Bolzano-Weierstraß <a class="ref" href="../Folgen/5_8.xml#6" target="_blank">[5.8.6]</a> besitzt die beschränkte Folge <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadIhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3968@</annotation>
</semantics></math> einen Häufungspunkt <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <munder accentunder='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </munder>
   <mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaDaGaeyicI4Saai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@3C4B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, den wir als Limes einer konvergenten Teilfolge darstellen können: <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <munder accentunder='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </munder>
   <mo>=</mo><mo rspace='0.2em'>lim</mo><mo>&#x2061;</mo><msub>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mrow>
     <msub>
      <mi>k</mi>
      <mi>n</mi>
     </msub>
     
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaDaGaeyypa0JaciiBaiaacMgacaGGTbGaamiEamaaBaaaleaacaWGRbWaaSbaaWqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaWcbeaaaaa@3DA4@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
<p>Aus <a class="ref" href="#a3">[3]</a> gewinnen wir die Ungleichung&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>c</mi><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mrow>
     <msub>
      <mi>k</mi>
      <mi>n</mi>
     </msub>
     
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>+</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <msub>
      <mi>k</mi>
      <mi>n</mi>
     </msub>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>&#x2264;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>+</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4yaiabgsMiJkaadAgacaGGOaGaamiEamaaBaaaleaacaWGRbWaaSbaaWqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaWcbeaakiaacMcacqGH8aapcaWGJbGaey4kaSYaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaam4AamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaaGccqGHKjYOcaWGJbGaey4kaSYaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaamOBaaaaaaa@4887@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, die über den Schachtelsatz <a class="ref" href="../Folgen/5_5.xml#8" target="_blank">[5.5.8]</a> und die Stetigkeit von&#160; <i>f</i> zur Gleichheit</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>c</mi><mo>=</mo><mo rspace='0.2em'>lim</mo><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mrow>
     <msub>
      <mi>k</mi>
      <mi>n</mi>
     </msub>
     
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo rspace='0.2em'>lim</mo><mo>&#x2061;</mo><msub>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mrow>
     <msub>
      <mi>k</mi>
      <mi>n</mi>
     </msub>
     
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><munder accentunder='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </munder>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4yaiabg2da9iGacYgacaGGPbGaaiyBaiaadAgacaGGOaGaamiEamaaBaaaleaacaWGRbWaaSbaaWqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaWcbeaakiaacMcacqGH9aqpcaWGMbGaaiikaiGacYgacaGGPbGaaiyBaiaadIhadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AamaaBaaameaacaWGUbaabeaaaSqabaGccaGGPaGaeyypa0JaamOzaiaacIcaceWG4bGba0bacaGGPaaaaa@4D8C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>führt. <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>c</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><munder accentunder='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </munder>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4yaiabg2da9iaadAgacaGGOaGabmiEayaaDaGaaiykaaaa@3ABC@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist also nach <a class="ref" href="#a2">[2]</a> ein minimaler Funktionswert.</p>
<p>Einen maximalen Funktionswert von <i>f</i> finden wir jetzt leicht: Ist nämlich <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOeI0IaamOzaiaacIcaceWG4bGbaebacaGGPaaaaa@39AF@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ein minimaler Funktionswert der stetigen Funktion <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>f</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOeI0IaamOzaaaa@3741@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so ist&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcaceWG4bGbaebacaGGPaaaaa@38C2@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ein maximaler Wert für&#160; <i>f</i>.</p>

</td></tr></table>
<p><span class="num" style="color:black"><tt>Beachte:</tt></span></p>
<ul>
<li><p>Wie die sin-Funktion zum Beispiel auf dem Intervall <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0,8</mn><mi>&#x03C0;</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaaicdacaGGSaGaaGioaiabec8aWjaac2faaaa@3B12@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> zeigt, sind die Maximal- und Minimalstellen in <a class="ref" href="#5">[6.6.5]</a> nicht eindeutig bestimmt</p></li>
<li><p>Ebenso kann man nicht auf die Abgeschlossenheit des Intervalls verzichten (&#160;<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaamiwaaaaaaa@3711@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist auf <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiyxaiaaicdacaGGSaGaaGymaiaac2faaaa@3950@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> unbeschränkt), ebenso wenig wie auf die Stetigkeit der Funktion:</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mrow><mo>{</mo> <mrow>
    <mtable columnalign='left'>
     <mtr columnalign='left'>
      <mtd columnalign='left'>
       <mrow>
        <mn>0</mn><mtext>&#160; falls &#160;</mtext><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
       </mrow>
      </mtd>
     </mtr>
     <mtr columnalign='left'>
      <mtd columnalign='left'>
       <mrow>
        <mfrac>
         <mn>1</mn>
         <mi>x</mi>
        </mfrac>
        <mtext>&#160; falls &#160;</mtext><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mn>0,1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
       </mrow>
      </mtd>
     </mtr>
     
    </mtable>
   </mrow> </mrow>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>zum Beispiel besitzt kein Maximum.</p></li>
<li><p>Schließlich ist auch <a class="ref" href="#6">[6.6.6]</a> an die reellen Zahlen gebunden: Die auf <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2229;</mo><mi>&#x211A;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</semantics></mstyle>
</math> stetige Funktion <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>&#x211A;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadIfacqGHsislcaaIYaGaaiykamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiaacYhacqWIAecPaaa@3CAB@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> etwa besitzt kein Minimum!</p></li><br/>&#160;
</ul>

<p>Durch Kombination der beiden zentralen Sätze erhalten wir eine interessante Aussage über die Wertemengen stetiger Funktionen.
</p>

<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Bemerkung:</b></u> &#160;Stetige Funktionen bilden Intervalle auf Intervalle ab:</p>

<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><msup>
    <mi mathvariant='script'>C</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mo>&#x21D2;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgIGiolaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2facaGGPaGaaGzbVlabgkDiElaaywW7caWGMbGaaiikaiaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbGaaiykaaaa@4B21@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist ein Intervall 
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="6">[6.6.6]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;Nach <a class="ref" href="#5">[6.6.5]</a> gibt es <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <munder accentunder='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </munder>
   <mo>,</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaDaGaaiilaiqadIhagaqeaiabgIGiolaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbaaaa@3E10@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> so dass
</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x2282;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><munder accentunder='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </munder>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Der Zwischenwertsatz <a class="ref" href="#2">[6.6.2]</a> garantiert dabei, dass jede Zahl aus <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><munder accentunder='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </munder>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaadAgacaGGOaGabmiEayaaDaGaaiykaiaacYcacaWGMbGaaiikaiqadIhagaqeaiaacMcacaGGDbaaaa@3E97@</annotation>
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</math> ein Funktionswert ist, also ist auch</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x2283;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><munder accentunder='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </munder>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mo>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaiaacMcacqGHdksYcaGGBbGaamOzaiaacIcaceWG4bGba0bacaGGPaGaaiilaiaadAgacaGGOaGabmiEayaaraGaaiykaiaac2faaaa@4712@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
</td></tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-top: 50px; margin-bottom:30px" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%">
  <tr>
    <td><hr noshade="noshade" size="1"/></td>
    <td width="2%" align="right"><img style="margin-left:3pt" src="http://www.mathproject.de/cgi-std/count.pl?c=66;d=tiny"/></td>
  </tr>
</table>

<p>
<table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
  <tr>
    <td width="33%" align="left"><a href="6_5.xml" title="Gleichmäßig stetige Funktionen">6.5. <img border="0" src="backl.gif" width="7" height="12"/></a></td>
    <td width="33%" align="center">
  <a href="stetigkeit.htm#Teil6"><img width="16" height="16" border="0" src="back1.gif"/></a>
    </td>
    <td width="34%" align="right"><a href="6_7.xml" title="Der Weierstraßsche Approximationssatz"><img border="0" src="backr.gif" width="7" height="12"/> 6.7.</a></td>
  </tr>
</table>
</p>
</td></tr>
</table></center><br/><font style="size:2px">&#160;</font>
</body>
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