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  <title>mathproject >> 5.1. Folgen als spezielle Funktionen</title>
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&#160;+++++&nbsp;

<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">
<p><u><b>Definition:</b></u> &#160;</p>
</td></tr></table>



<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
 
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="1">[7.3.1]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;<br/>
</p>

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<h1>5.1. <i>Folgen als spezielle Funktionen</i></h1>
<hr noshade="noshade" size="1" style="margin-bottom:20px" />

<p>Dieser Abschnitt führt die Folgen als Funktionen mit einem speziellen Definitionsbereich ein. 
Weil mit ihnen unendlich feine Annäherungsprozesse simuliert werden sollen, scheidet ein endlicher Definitionsbereich von vornherein aus. 
Da die Annäherung schrittweise erfolgen soll, ist eine abzählbare Menge nötig. Wir benutzen dazu die übersichtlichste aller abzählbaren Mengen, die Menge der positiven natürlichen Zahlen
 &#160;<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
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    <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
    <mo>&#x2217;</mo>
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<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">
<p><u><b>Definition:</b></u> &#160;
Ist <i>A</i> eine beliebige Menge, so nennen wir jede Funktion<br/>
&#160;
<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
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   <mi>a</mi><mo>:</mo><msup>
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   <mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>A</mi>
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 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="1">[5.1.1]</a></span></td></tr></table>
eine <u>Folge in <i>A</i></u>.</p>
<p> 
Auf den Zusatz "in <i>A</i>" verzichten wir, falls <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
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</semantics></math>
 ist. Eine <u>Folge</u> ist also eine Folge in <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
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</semantics></math>. Außerdem fassen wir Folgen in Teilmengen von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</semantics></math>, also etwa in <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
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  <mi>&#x2124;</mi>
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</semantics></math>, in <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
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  <mi>&#x211A;</mi>
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</semantics></math> oder auch in <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
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</semantics></math> oft als Folgen in <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</semantics></math> auf.</p>
<p>
Bei den Folgen sind (aus historischen Gründen) die von den Funktionen her vertrauten Schreibweisen nicht gebräuchlich. Wir schreiben 
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 statt <i>a</i>(<i>n</i>) und <br/>
      <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
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   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
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   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
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 anstelle von <i>a</i>.
</div></p>
<p>
Der Funktionswert <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
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    <mi>a</mi>
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 heißt in diesem Zusammenhang
      auch das <span><u><i>n</i>-te Folgenglied</u></span> der Folge <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
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   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
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</semantics></math>.</p>

<p>
      Es ist zweckmäßig die konstanten Folgen deutlich zu benennen:
      Für jedes <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
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  <mrow>
   <mi>c</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>A</mi>
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 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4yaiabgIGiolaadgeaaaa@391B@</annotation>
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 heißt<br/>&#160;
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 <semantics>
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   <mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>c</mi>
    <mrow>
     <msup>
      <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
      <mo fontsize='10pt'>&#x2217;</mo>
     </msup>     
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
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 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</semantics></math>&#160; die <u>konstante Folge <i>c</i> (in <i>A</i>)</u>.
      </div>
</p>
</td>
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<p>
So ist z.B. die Funktion</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>a</mi><mo>:</mo><msup>
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   <mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>&#x211D;</mi>
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</semantics></math>, gegeben
durch&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
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   <mn>3</mn><msup>
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</semantics></math>&#160;,
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<p>eine Folge (in <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHekaaa@3759@</annotation>
</semantics></math>). Für das <span><i>n</i>-te</span>
Folgenglied gilt also:&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><msup>
    <mi>n</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iaaiodacaWGUbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaaa@3D49@</annotation>
</semantics></math>
&#160; und die gesamte Folge notieren wir
als&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mn>3</mn><msup>
    <mi>n</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaGaeyypa0JaaiikaiaaiodacaWGUbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaeyOeI0IaaGymaiaacMcaaaa@3FFB@</annotation>
</semantics></math>.
</p>

<p><span class="num" style="color:black"><tt>Beachte:</tt></span></p>

<ul>
  <li>
  <p>
Die Wahl von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
    <mo>&#x2217;</mo>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyfHu6aaWbaaSqabeaacqGHxiIkaaaaaa@3871@</annotation>
</semantics></math>


als Definitionsbereich einer Folge ist zwar zweckmä&#xDF;ig, aber in gewisser Hinsicht auch willkürlich. 
Entscheidend ist eigentlich nur, dass es sich um einen unendlichen Zählbereich mit einem Anfangspunkt handelt. 
Dazu aber eignet sich auch jeder Abschnitt <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x2124;</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mo lspace='0.1em'>&#x2265;</mo><mi>k</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSijHi6aaWbaaSqabeaacqGHLjYScaWGRbaaaaaa@3A44@</annotation>
</semantics></math>
 von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mi>&#x2124;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSijHikaaa@3761@</annotation>
</semantics></math>. Gelegentlich werden wir daher auch eine Funktion der Form</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>a</mi><mo>:</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x2124;</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mo lspace='0.1em'>&#x2265;</mo><mi>k</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>A</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiaacQdacqWIKeIOdaahaaWcbeqaaiabgwMiZkaadUgaaaGccqGHsgIRcaWGbbaaaa@3EA5@</annotation>
</semantics></math>

</div>
<p>eine Folge in <i>A</i> nennen und notieren sie dann als&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
      <mi>a</mi>
      <mi>n</mi>
     </msub>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2265;</mo><mi>k</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gacqGHLjYScaWGRbaabeaaaaa@3D26@</annotation>
</semantics></math>.</p>
<br/>&#160;
  </li>
</ul>
<p>
Wie bei gewöhnlichen Funktionen auch, kann man bei Folgen
Wertetabellen aufstellen. Für unsere Beispielfolge etwa erhält
man :
</p>
<center>
  <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 330px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
    <tr>
      <td align="right" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;"><i>n</i>&#160;</td>
      <td align="center" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" width="40">1</td>
      <td align="center" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" width="40">
	2</td>
      <td align="center" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" width="40">
	3</td>
      <td align="center" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" width="40">
	4</td>
      <td align="center" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" width="40">
	5</td>
      <td align="center" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" width="40">
	6</td>
      <td align="center" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px" width="40">7</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td align="right" style="text-align: right; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px">
      <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaaa@37EE@</annotation>
</semantics></math>&#160;</td>
      <td align="center" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px">
	2</td>
      <td align="center" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px">
	11</td>
      <td align="center" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px">
	26</td>
      <td align="center" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px">
	47</td>
      <td align="center" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px">
	74</td>
      <td align="center" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px">
	107</td>
      <td align="center" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px">146</td>
    </tr>
  </table>
</center>



<p>Üblicherweise setzt man dabei die natürlichen Zahlen <i>n</i> der
Reihe nach ein. Wenn man sich auf dieses Verfahren festlegt, ist die Kopfzeile
der Wertetabelle eigentlich überflüssig. Es ist daher üblich,
die Wertetabellen in ihrer kompakten Form <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mn>3</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaGaeyypa0JaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaaGymaaqabaGccaGGSaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaaIYaaabeaakiaacYcacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaiodaaeqaaOGaaiilaiablAciljaacMcaaaa@446A@</annotation>
</semantics></math>
 anzugeben.
Unser Beispiel können wir also so notieren:
</p>
<p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mn>3</mn><msup>
    <mi>n</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mn>2,11,26,47,74,107,146,</mn><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaaiodacaWGUbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaeyOeI0IaaGymaiaacMcacqGH9aqpcaGGOaGaaGOmaiaacYcacaaIXaGaaGymaiaacYcacaaIYaGaaGOnaiaacYcacaaI0aGaaG4naiaacYcacaaI3aGaaGinaiaacYcacaaIXaGaaGimaiaaiEdacaGGSaGaaGymaiaaisdacaaI2aGaaiilaiablAciljaacMcaaaa@4EF9@</annotation>
</semantics></math>

</div><br/>&#160;
</p>
<p>
In den folgenden Beispielen lassen sich bei Bedarf die Wertetabellen abrufen:</p>

<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">
<p><u><b>Beispiel:</b></u>

<table>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<ul type="square"><li>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><msup>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaad6gacaGGOaGaaGymaiabgUcaRiaacIcacqGHsislcaaIXaGaaiykamaaCaaaleqabaGaamOBaaaakiaacMcacaGGPaaaaa@3F56@</annotation>
</semantics></math>&#160; ist eine Folge in <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mi>&#x2124;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSijHikaaa@3761@</annotation>
</semantics></math>.
</li></ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="80" valign='middle' align="right"><img onmouseover="mausaktion(0);" id='wechsel0' src='right.gif' width='16' height='15'/></td>
<td align="left">
<applet code='Folgenticker.class' id='Folge0' width='380' height='26'>
</applet>
</td></tr></table>

<br/>&#160;
<table>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<ul type="square"><li>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline">
<mstyle displaystyle='true'>
   <semantics>
      <mrow>
         <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mfrac>
            <mrow>
               <mn>2</mn><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
            </mrow>
            <mrow>
               <mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
            </mrow>
         </mfrac>
         <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
      <annotation type='MathType'>
          MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikamaalaaabaGaaGOmaiaad6gacqGHRaWkcaaIXaaabaGaamOBaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaaGaaiykaaaa@3D2E@ 
      </annotation>
   </semantics>
</mstyle>
</math>&#160; ist eine Folge in <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mi>&#x211A;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSOgHqkaaa@3759@</annotation>
</semantics></math>
.
</li></ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="80" valign='middle' align="right"><img onmouseover="mausaktion(1);" id='wechsel1' src='right.gif' width='16' height='15'/></td>
<td align="left">
<applet code='Folgenticker.class' id='Folge1' width='380' height='26'>
</applet>
</td></tr></table>

<br/>&#160;
<table>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<ul type="square"><li>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline">
<mstyle displaystyle='true'>
   <semantics>
      <mrow>
         <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msqrt>
            <mrow>
               <msup>
                  <mi>n</mi>
                  <mn>2</mn>
               </msup>
               <mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn>
            </mrow>
         </msqrt>
         <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
      <annotation type='MathType'>
          MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikamaakaaabaGaamOBamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgUcaRiaaisdaaSqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3AED@ 
      </annotation>
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</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="80" valign='middle' align="right"><img onmouseover="mausaktion(2);" id='wechsel2' src='right.gif' width='16' height='15'/></td>
<td align="left">
<applet code='Folgenticker.class' id='Folge2' width='380' height='26'>
</applet>
</td></tr></table>
<br/>&#160;
<table>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<ul type="square"><li>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
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.
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</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="80" valign='middle' align="right"><img onmouseover="mausaktion(3);" id='wechsel3' src='right.gif' width='16' height='15'/></td>
<td align="left">
<applet code='Folgenticker.class' id='Folge3' width='380' height='26'>
</applet>
</td></tr></table>



<br/>&#160;
<table>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" width="auto">
<ul type="square"><li style="margin-right:-10">
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
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    <mi>i</mi>
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   <mo>&#x2264;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo><mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em' fontsize='12pt'>&#x222A;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
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</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="80" valign='middle' align="right"><img onmouseover="mausaktion(4);" id='wechsel4' src='right.gif' width='16' height='15'/></td>
<td align="left">
<applet code='Folgenticker.class' id='Folge4' width='380' height='26'>
</applet>
</td>
</tr></table>
</p>
</td></tr></table>

<p>
Wertetabellen von Folgen zu erstellen ist oft eine Routineaufgabe und nur selten eine Herausforderung. Deutlich interessanter, aber auch schwieriger, ist die 
umgekehrte Aufgabe:
<br/>
Man finde zu einer gegebenen Wertetabelle eine zugehörige Folgenvorschrift! Die 
folgenden Beispiele machen deutlich, dass man nicht mit einem starren 
Lösungsschema rechnen kann, sondern eher intuitiv, mit einem kreativen 
Blick vorgehen muss.
</p>
<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">
<p><u><b>Beispiel:</b></u> &#160;
<ul type="square"><li>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
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    <mi>n</mi>
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   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mn>4,7,10,13,16,19,</mn><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
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</semantics></math>

<p>
Diese Folge fällt durch ihren 3-er Rhythmus auf, so dass man die
	  Vielfachen der 3 in Erwägung zieht:<br/>&#160;
	  <div>
	  <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mn>3,6,9,12,15,18,</mn><mo>&#x2026;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</semantics></math> 
	  </div><br/>
	  <p>Interessanterweise
	  liegt man bei jedem Folgenglied um eine Einheit zu niedrig, es ist daher
	  eine gute Idee
	  <br/>&#160;
	  <div>
	  <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
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    <mi>n</mi>
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   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
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	  </div>
zu setzen.</p>
</p><br/>&#160;
</li>
<li>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
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   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mn>0,3,8,15,24,35,48,63,</mn><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
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<p>
	  Bei dieser Folge ist die Situation ähnlich: Läge jedes Folgenglied um eine Einheit höher, so hätte man 
	  die Quadratzahlen. Also lohnt sich der Versuch
	  <br/>&#160;
	  <div>
	  <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
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    <mi>n</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
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</semantics></math>.
</div>
	  </p><br/>&#160;
</li>
<li>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
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<p>
	  Ohne die ersten vier Folgenglieder käme man mit
	  <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
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  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
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   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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 sehr gut zurecht. Also versucht&#160;man
	  die Folgenglieder um 4 Einheiten nach rechts zu schieben:
	  <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>4</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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. Das ergibt:
	  <br/>&#160;
	  <div><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>3,</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>2,</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1,0,1,2,3,4,</mn><mo>&#x2026;</mo>
  </mrow>
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</semantics></math>
</div>
	  <br/>
	  <p>Bis auf das Vorzeichen der ersten drei Folgenglieder ist jetzt alles in Ordnung.
	  Die Vorzeichen aber können wir mit dem Betrag korrigieren:
	  <br/>&#160;
	  <div>
	  <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
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   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mo>&#x007C;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>&#x007C;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
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</semantics></math>.
</div></p>
</p><br/>&#160;
</li>
<li>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
<mstyle>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
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   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo>
   <mfrac>
    <mn>3</mn>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>,</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>5</mn>
    <mn>4</mn>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>,</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>7</mn>
    <mn>8</mn>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>,</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>9</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mn>16</mn>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>,</mo><mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <mn>11</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mn>32</mn>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
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</mstyle>
</math>

<p>
	  Man erkennt schnell, dass im Zähler die ungeraden Zahlen ab 3 stehen;
	  wenn man im Nenner die <span>2-er</span> Potenzen nicht direkt erkennt, fällt vielleicht
	  dennoch auf, dass jeder neue Nenner das Doppelte des alten ist, wenn
	  man also mit 2 beginnt, erhält der Reihe nach:
	  <br/>&#160;
	  <div>
	  <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mn>2,2</mn><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mn>2,2</mn><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mn>2,2</mn><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mn>2,</mn><mo>&#x2026;</mo>
  </mrow>
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</div><br/>
	  die <span>2-er</span> Potenzen eben. Also setzt man hier
	  <br/>&#160;
	  <div>
	  <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
	  <mstyle displaystyle='true'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <msup>
      <mn>2</mn>
      <mi>n</mi>
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    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
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</mstyle>
</math>.
	  </div>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

<p>Hier nun einige Folgen, bei denen man selbst überlegen muss:<br/>&#160;
<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">
<p><u><b>Aufgaben:</b></u> &#160;</p>
<ol>
<li>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
<mstyle displaystyle='true'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow><mphantom><mpadded width='0'><mo mathsize='17pt'>|</mo></mpadded></mphantom>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mn>4,1,0,1,4,9,16,</mn><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  <mo>=</mo>
 <maction actiontype='toggle'><mrow><mo color='red' fontsize='14pt'>?</mo><mtext>&#160;&#160;</mtext></mrow>
 <mrow>
  <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msup>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 </maction>
 </mrow>   
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</semantics></mstyle></math><br/>&#160;
</li>
<li>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow><mphantom><mpadded width='0'><mo mathsize='28pt'>|</mo></mpadded></mphantom>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>,</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mn>3</mn>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mn>4</mn>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>,</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mn>5</mn>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>=</mo>
   <maction actiontype='toggle'><mrow><mo color='red' fontsize='14pt'>?</mo><mtext>&#160;&#160;</mtext></mrow>
   <mrow><mstyle displaystyle='true'>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msup>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msup>
   <mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mstyle></mrow>
  </maction>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</semantics></math><br/>&#160;
</li>
<li>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow><mphantom><mpadded width='0'><mo mathsize='18pt'>|</mo></mpadded></mphantom>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mn>0,3,2,5,4,7,6,</mn><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>=</mo>
   <maction actiontype='toggle'><mrow><mo color='red' fontsize='14pt'>?</mo><mtext>&#160;&#160;</mtext></mrow>
   <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><msup>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
  </maction>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</semantics></math><br/>&#160;
</li>
<li>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow><mphantom><mpadded width='0'><mo mathsize='18pt'>|</mo></mpadded></mphantom><mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#x007D;</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mn>0,2</mn><mo>&#x007D;</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mn>0,2</mn><mo>&#x007D;</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mn>0,2,4</mn><mo>&#x007D;</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mn>0,2,4</mn><mo>&#x007D;</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mn>0,2,4,6</mn><mo>&#x007D;</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>=</mo></mrow>
   <maction actiontype='toggle'><mrow><mo color='red' fontsize='14pt'>?</mo><mtext>&#160;&#160;</mtext></mrow>
   <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>i</mi><mo>&#x007C;</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>&#x2115;</mi><mo>&#x2227;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x007D;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
  </maction>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</li>
</ol>
</td></tr></table>
</p><br/>&#160;
<p>
Grundlegend für die Analysis sind die <i>reellen Zahlenfolgen</i>, also die Folgen in
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHekaaa@3759@</annotation>
</semantics></math>. Mit
ihnen kann man, wie mit gewöhnlichen reellen Funktionen auch, rechnen.
Die folgende Bemerkung klärt, ob die reellen Zahlenfolgen bei der Anwendung der
Grundrechenarten unter sich bleiben oder nicht.
</p>
<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">
<u><b>Bemerkung:</b></u> &#160;
Sind <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</semantics></math>
 und 
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>b</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
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   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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zwei Folgen, so gilt:
<br/>&#160;
<table><tr>
  <td class="def">
 <span class="list" style="margin-left:9px; margin-right:10px">1.</span>
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>b</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaGaey4kaSIaaiikaiaadkgadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3D9C@</annotation>
</semantics></math> ist eine Folge und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>b</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>+</mo><msub>
    <mi>b</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaGaey4kaSIaaiikaiaadkgadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaGaeyypa0JaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGHRaWkcaWGIbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaaaa@44FC@</annotation>
</semantics></math>.

 </td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="2">[5.1.2]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<table><tr>
  <td class="def">
 <span class="list" style="margin-left:9px; margin-right:10px">2.</span>
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>b</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaGaeyOeI0IaaiikaiaadkgadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3DA7@</annotation>
</semantics></math>
 ist eine Folge und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>b</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
    <mi>b</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaGaeyOeI0IaaiikaiaadkgadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaGaeyypa0JaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGHsislcaWGIbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaaaa@4512@</annotation>
</semantics></math>.

 </td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="3">[5.1.3]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<table><tr>
  <td class="def">
 <span class="list" style="margin-left:9px; margin-right:10px">3.</span>
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>b</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaGaeyyXICTaaiikaiaadkgadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3F04@</annotation>
</semantics></math>
 ist eine Folge und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>b</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><msub>
    <mi>b</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaGaeyyXICTaaiikaiaadkgadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaGaeyypa0JaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGHflY1caWGIbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaaaa@47CC@</annotation>
</semantics></math>.

 </td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="4">[5.1.4]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<table><tr>
  <td class="def">
 <span class="list" style="margin-left:9px; margin-right:10px">4.</span>
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
      <mi>a</mi>
      <mi>n</mi>
     </msub>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
      <mi>b</mi>
      <mi>n</mi>
     </msub>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcaaeaacaGGOaGaamOyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcaaaaaaa@3CCA@</annotation>
</semantics>
</mstyle>
</math> ist in der Regel keine Folge mehr.
 </td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="5">[5.1.5]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;
Folgen zeichnen sich nur durch ihren Definitionsbereich <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
    <mo>&#x2217;</mo>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyfHu6aaWbaaSqabeaacqGHxiIkaaaaaa@3871@</annotation>
</semantics></math> aus. Die Folgen in 1. bis 3. haben also
      den Definitionsbereich <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
    <mo>&#x2217;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2229;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
    <mo>&#x2217;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo>=</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
    <mo>&#x2217;</mo>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyfHu6aaWbaaSqabeaacqGHxiIkaaGccqGHPiYXcqWIvesPdaahaaWcbeqaaiabgEHiQaaakiabg2da9iablwriLoaaCaaaleqabaGaey4fIOcaaaaa@4039@</annotation>
</semantics></math>
 und sind daher selbst wieder Folgen.
      Die jeweils angegebene Darstellung ist nichts anderes als die Funktionsvorschrift
      für z.B. die Summe zweier Funktionen; dies wird deutlich, wenn man noch
      einmal zur alten Schreibweise zurückgeht:
      <p><div>
      <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabgUcaRiaadkgacaGGOaGaamOBaiaacMcacqGH9aqpcaWGHbGaaiikaiaad6gacaGGPaGaey4kaSIaamOyaiaacIcacaWGUbGaaiykaaaa@4331@</annotation>
</semantics></math>.
</div></p>
      <p>Zu 4. reicht ein Gegenbeispiel: So hat etwa die Funktion <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
      <mstyle displaystyle='true'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacaGGOaGaamOBaiabgUcaRiaaikdacaGGPaaabaGaaiikaiaad6gacqGHsislcaaIYaGaaiykaaaaaaa@3DD8@</annotation>
</semantics>
</mstyle>
</math> nicht mehr den Definitionsbereich <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x2115;</mi>
    <mo>&#x2217;</mo>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyfHu6aaWbaaSqabeaacqGHxiIkaaaaaa@3871@</annotation>
</semantics></math>.</p>
</p>
</td></tr></table>
<p><span class="num" style="color:black"><tt>Beachte:</tt></span></p>

<ul>
  <li>
  <p>Der Quotient zweier Folgen verliert seine Folgeneigenschaft nicht generell, sondern nur falls unter den Gliedern der Nennerfolge der Wert 0 vorkommt. Man hat also:</p>
  <table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
 <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
      <mi>a</mi>
      <mi>n</mi>
     </msub>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
      <mi>b</mi>
      <mi>n</mi>
     </msub>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcaaeaacaGGOaGaamOyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcaaaaaaa@3CCA@</annotation>
</semantics>
</mstyle>
</math> ist eine Folge<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo lspace='0.5em' rspace='0.5em'>&#x21D4;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>b</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyi1HSTaaiikaiaadkgadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3BAE@</annotation>
</semantics></math>
 hat keine Nullstellen.
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="6">[5.1.6]</a></span></td></tr></table>
<br/>&#160;
  </li>
<li>
<p>Hat die Nennerfolge nur <i>endliche viele</i> Nullstellen, so kann man über die zu Beginn erwähnte Verallgemeinerung des Folgenbegriffs einen sinnvollen 
Quotienten einführen. Das Gegenbeispiel aus dem Beweis zu 4. etwa läßt sich folgendermaßen retten:
<div><br/>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
<mstyle displaystyle='true'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <msub>
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</p>
<br/>&#160;
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Neben der Möglichkeit aus gegebenen Folgen neue herzustellen,
läßt die obige Bemerkung auch das Zerlegen einer Folge in einfachere
zu. Dies erkennt man an den letzten beiden Folgen des nachfolgenden Beispiels. Die Zerlegung der letzten Folge ist dabei durch Kürzen
entstanden. Zerlegungen dieser Art, die offensichtlich die Folge komplizierter darstellen als eigentlich nötig, werden sich in einem späteren Abschnitt als äußerst wirkungsvoll erweisen.
</p>
<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">
<p><u><b>Beispiel:</b></u> &#160;
<ul type="square"><li>
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<br/>&#160;
</li>
<li>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
<mstyle displaystyle='true'>
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    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
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   <mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>2</mn>
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    <mrow>
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   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
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</math>
<br/>&#160;
</li>
<li>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
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   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mn>3</mn><msup>
    <mi>n</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
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   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>8</mn><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><msup>
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<br/>&#160;
</li>
<li>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
<mstyle displaystyle='true'>
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  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mfrac>
    <mrow>
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      <mi>n</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
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     <mo>+</mo><mi>n</mi>
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    <mrow>
     <msup>
      <mi>n</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
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     <mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn>
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   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mfrac>
      <mn>1</mn>
      <mi>n</mi>
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     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
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    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><mfrac>
      <mn>3</mn>
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     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
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</li>
</ul>
</p>
</td></tr></table>
<p>
In den folgenden Abschnitten beschäftigen wir uns vornehmlich mit der Theorie der reellen Zahlenfolgen. Alle erzielten Ergebnisse lassen sich auch für Folgen des erweiterten Typs&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>(</mo><msub>
      <mi>a</mi>
      <mi>n</mi>
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     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' fontweight='bold' fontsize='14pt' fontfamily='Courier'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
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   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
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</semantics></math> analog formulieren und beweisen.
</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-top: 50px; margin-bottom:30px" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%">
  <tr>
    <td><hr noshade="noshade" size="1"/></td>
    <td width="2%" align="right"><img style="margin-left:3pt" src="http://www.mathproject.de/cgi-std/count.pl?c=51;d=tiny"/></td>
  </tr>
</table>

<p>
<table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
  <tr>
    <td width="33%" align="left">&#160;</td>
    <td width="33%" align="center">
  <a href="folgen.htm#Teil1"><img width="16" height="16" border="0" src="back1.gif"/></a>
    </td>
    <td width="34%" align="right"><a href="5_2.xml" title="Rekursive Folgen und das Induktionsprinzip"><img border="0" src="backr.gif" width="7" height="12"/> 5.2.</a></td>
  </tr>
</table>
</p>
</td></tr>
</table></center><br/><font style="size:2px">&#160;</font>
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