<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="mathml.xsl"?>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
 xmlns:pref="http://www.w3.org/2002/Math/preference" pref:renderer="mathplayer-dl">
<head>
  <meta name="description" content="online Kurs Mathematik"/>
  <meta name="author" content="Steffen"/>
  <meta name="copyright" content="Steffen"/>
  <meta name="date" content="2007-06-30"/>
  <meta name="keywords" content="Weg, differenzierbarer Weg, stetiger Weg, integrierbarer Weg, glatter Weg, Anfangspunkt, Endpunkt, regulär, Kurve, Lissajous, Viviani, 
  Mittelwertsatz, Ableitung, Koordinatenfunktion, Skalarprodukt, Feinheit, Zerlegung, Supremum, Spirale, rektifizierbar, elliptisches Integral, sinh, cosh, Bogenlänge, Stammfunktion"/>
  <title>mathproject >> 8.6. Weglängen</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../format.css" media="screen"  />
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../printformat.css" media="print"  />
<script type="text/javascript" src="../MP.js"></script>  
<script type="text/javascript" src="../mytooltip.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var active0=0, active1=0, active2=0, active3=0, active4=0, active5=0, active6=0, active7=0, active8=0;  <!--Variable fuer den ersten Tooltip-->
</script>
</head>

<!--

<mstyle displaystyle='true' subscriptshift='0.4em'  equalcolumns='false' equalrows='false' rowspacing='1.5ex'>
<mi>&#x2115;</mi>++++++N
<mi>&#x2124;</mi>++++++Z
<mi>&#x211A;</mi>++++++Q
<mi>&#x211D;</mi>++++++R
<mi>&#x2119;</mi>++++++P
<mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em' fontsize='12pt'>&#x2229;</mo>+++++++Schnittmenge
<mo lspace='0.4em' rspace='0.4em' fontsize='12pt'>&#x2282;</mo>+++++++Teilmenge
<mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo>++++++:=
<mo lspace='0.5em' rspace='0.5em'>=</mo>+++++=
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline">
&#160;+++++&nbsp;

<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Definition:</b></u> &#160;</p>

<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
 
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="1">[8.6.1]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;<br/>
</p>
</td></tr></table>

<span class="inf" style="white-space:normal" onmouseover="if(active0==0){position('tip0','tab0',event.clientX,event.clientY); document.getElementById('tip0').className='tooltip_v'};active0=1">
###<img class="inf" style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px" src="../info.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span>
<span id="tip0" class="tooltip_h">
<table id="tab0" border="0" style="width:160px" ><tr><td onmousedown="x0=event.clientX;y0=event.clientY;fix('tip0')" onmouseup="drag=0" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color:blue; font-family:monospace"><p style="cursor: move; color:blue; margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:0px; size:12pt; font-weight:bold">&#160;i</p><img onclick="active0=0;document.getElementById('tip0').className='tooltip_h'" src="../close.gif" width="10" height="10" style="float: right; margin-top:-15px"/></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="white-space:normal">###</p>
</td></tr></table>
</span>
-->

<body bgcolor="#808080" onload="test_MP()">

<font style="size:2px">&#160;</font><center><table class="top" cellpadding="30px"><tr><td class="top">
<div style="align:center"><div id="warning" style="display:none; width:90%; border:1px solid red; padding:10px; margin-top:20px"></div></div>
<h1>8.6. <i>Weglängen</i></h1>
<hr noshade="noshade" size="1" style="margin-bottom:20px" />

<p>Wir schließen den geometrischen Aspekt der Integralrechnung ab mit einem Abschnitt über Wege und deren Längen.</p>

<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Definition:</b></u> &#160;Ist <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>M</mi><mo>&#x2282;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamytaiabgkOimlabl2riHoaaCaaaleqabaGaam4Aaaaaaaa@3B47@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@3A29@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ein geschlossenes Intervall in <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHekaaa@375C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so nennen wir jede Funktion der Form</p>
<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>:</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>M</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4Daiabg2da9iaacIcacaWG3bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaOGaaiilaiablAciljaadEhadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccaGGPaGaaiOoaiaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbGaeyOKH4Qaamytaaaa@46E2@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="1">[8.6.1]</a></span></td></tr></table>
<p>einen <u>Weg</u> (in <i>M</i>). <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaaaa@3927@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist der <u>Anfangspunkt</u> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacIcacaWGIbGaaiykaaaa@3928@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> der <u>Endpunkt</u> des Wegs. <i>w</i> heißt <u>geschlossen</u>, falls <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadEhacaGGOaGaamOyaiaacMcaaaa@3D69@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Den Bildbereich <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo>&#x007B;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaadEhacaGGOaGaamiDaiaacMcacaGG8bGaamiDaiabgIGiolaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbGaaiyFaaaa@42F4@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> nennen wir die zu <i>w</i> gehörige <u>Kurve</u>.</p>

<p>Sind alle Koordinatenfunktionen <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DamaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaakiaacYcacqWIMaYscaGGSaGaam4DamaaBaaaleaacaWGRbaabeaaaaa@3C73@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>stetig, so ist <i>w</i> ein <u>stetiger Weg</u> (auch: <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi mathvariant='script'>C</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4qamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGimaaaaaaa@379B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>-Weg).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>differenzierbar, so sprechen wir von einem <u>differenzierbaren Weg</u> (<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi mathvariant='script'>D</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiramaaCaaaleqabaGaaGymaaaaaaa@379D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>-Weg) und nennen dann die Funktion</p>
</li>
</ul>
<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup><mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>w</mi>    
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub></mrow>
    
     <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    </msup>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msup><mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>w</mi>
     <mi>k</mi>
    </msub></mrow>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>:</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo rspace='0.1em' lspace='0.1em'>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabm4DayaafaGaeyypa0JaaiikaiqadEhagaqbamaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaakiaacYcacqWIMaYscaGGSaGabm4DayaafaWaaSbaaSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaOGaaiykaiaacQdacaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaiabgkziUkabl2riHoaaCaaaleqabaGaam4Aaaaaaaa@4971@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="2">[8.6.2]</a></span></td></tr></table>
<p style="margin-left:40px">die <u>Ableitung</u> von <i>w</i>. <i>w</i> heißt <i>regulär</i> falls <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2260;</mo><mn mathvariant='bold'>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabm4DayaafaGaaiikaiaadshacaGGPaGaeyiyIKRaaGimaaaa@3BC7@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> für alle <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiabgIGiolaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbaaaa@3CA6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
<p style="margin-left:40px; margin-bottom:20pt">Analog führt man mehrfach differenzierbare Wege und höhere Ableitungen ein.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>stetig differenzierbar, so nennen wir <i>w</i> einen <u>glatten Weg</u> (<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi mathvariant='script'>C</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4qamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGymaaaaaaa@379C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>-Weg).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>integrierbar, so ist <i>w</i> ein <u>integrierbarer Weg</u> und für <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>r</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo rspace='0.1em' lspace='0.1em'>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOCaiaacYcacaWGZbGaeyicI4Saai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@3E4C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> lesen wir den Vektor</p>
</li>
</ul>
<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mi>r</mi>
    <mi>s</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mi>w</mi>
  </mrow>
  <mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mrow><munderover>
   <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
   <mi>r</mi>
   <mi>s</mi>
  </munderover>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 </mrow>
 <mo lspace='0.2em'>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><mrow><munderover>
  <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
  <mi>r</mi>
  <mi>s</mi>
 </munderover>
 <mrow>
  <msub>
   <mi>w</mi>
   <mi>k</mi>
  </msub>
  
 </mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em'>)</mo>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaa8qCaeaacaWG3baaleaacaWGYbaabaGaam4CaaqdcqGHRiI8aOGaeyypa0JaaiikamaapehabaGaam4DamaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaaaeaacaWGYbaabaGaam4CaaqdcqGHRiI8aOGaaiilaiablAciljaacYcadaWdXbqaaiaadEhadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaaabaGaamOCaaqaaiaadohaa0Gaey4kIipakiaacMcaaaa@4CD4@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="3">[8.6.3]</a></span></td></tr></table>
<p style="margin-left:40px">als das <u>Integral über <i>w</i> von <i>r</i> bis <i>s</i></u>.</p>

</td></tr></table>

<p><span class="num" style="color:black"><tt>Beachte</tt>:</span></p>
<ul>
  <li><p>Ist <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>f</mi><mo>:</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>&#x211D;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacQdacaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaiabgkziUkabl2riHcaa@3F2F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> eine "gewöhnliche" reellwertige Funktion, so ist ihr Graph die zum Weg</p>
  <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacQdacaWG0bGaeSOPHeMaaiikaiaadshacaGGSaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG0bGaaiykaiaacMcacaGGSaGaaGzbVlaadshacqGHiiIZcaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaaaa@498F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
  </div>
  <p>gehörige Kurve. Da X beliebig oft differenzierbar (also auch stetig und integrierbar) ist, hat <i>w</i> genau dieselben Qualtitäten wie <i>f</i>.</p>
  </li>
  <li><p>Oft stellt man sich unter einem Weg <i>w</i> die Bewegung eines Punktes auf seiner Bahnkurve vor. Das Intervall <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@3A29@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist dann der Zeitabschnitt in dem die Bewegung beobachtet wird. Die Schreibweise</p>
  <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>t</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiablAAiHjaacIcacaWG3bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaOGaaiikaiaadshacaGGPaGaaiilaiablAciljaacYcacaWG3bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaOGaaiikaiaadshacaGGPaGaaiykaiaacYcacaaMf8UaamiDaiabgIGiolaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbaaaa@4E24@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
  </div>
  <p>(statt <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiablAAiHjaacIcacaWG3bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaOGaaiikaiaadIhacaGGPaGaaiilaiablAciljaacYcacaWG3bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaOGaaiikaiaadIhacaGGPaGaaiykaiaacYcacaaMf8UaamiEaiabgIGiolaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbaaaa@4E34@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ) unterstützt diese Sichtweise. Ist <i>w</i> differenzierbar, so sehen wir in der Ableitung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabm4DayaafaGaaiikaiaadshacaGGPaaaaa@3943@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> die Geschwindigkeit des Punkts zum Zeitpunkt <i>t</i>.
</p>
  </li>
    <li><p>Zwischen einem <i>Weg</i> und seiner zugehörigen <i>Kurve</i> ist deutlich zu unterscheiden, denn verschiedene Wege können durchaus dieselbe Kurve besitzen. Man betrachte etwa die Wege</p>
    <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mn>,0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0,1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mi>v</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>t</mi><mn>,0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0,1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaqbaeaabiqaaaqaaiaadEhacaGG6aGaamiDaiablAAiHjaacIcacaWG0bGaaiilaiaaicdacaGGPaGaaiilaiaaywW7caWG0bGaeyicI4Saai4waiaaicdacaGGSaGaaGymaiaac2faaeaacaWG2bGaaiOoaiaadshacqWIMgsycaGGOaGaaGymaiabgkHiTiaadshacaGGSaGaaGimaiaacMcacaGGSaGaaGzbVlaadshacqGHiiIZcaGGBbGaaGimaiaacYcacaaIXaGaaiyxaaaaaaa@592F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
    </div>
    <p>Beide Wege haben als Kurve die Verbindungsstrecke von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0,0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaaicdacaGGSaGaaGimaiaacMcaaaa@3969@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>1,0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaaigdacaGGSaGaaGimaiaacMcaaaa@396A@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Allerdings unterscheiden sie sich in ihrer <i>Laufrichtung</i>: <i>w</i> durchläuft diese Strecke von links nach rechts, <i>v</i> hingegen von rechts nach links.</p>
<p>Auch beim <i>mehrfachen Durchlaufen</i> einer Kurve ändern sich die Wege, aber nicht die Kurve. Ersetzt man etwa im folgenden Beispiel das Intervall <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0,2</mn><mi>&#x03C0;</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaaicdacaGGSaGaaGOmaiabec8aWjaac2faaaa@3B8F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> durch <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0,2</mn><mi>k</mi><mi>&#x03C0;</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaaicdacaGGSaGaaGOmaiaadUgacqaHapaCcaGGDbaaaa@3C7F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so wird die Ellipse <i>k</i>-mal durchlaufen. Ihre Gestalt ändert sich dabei natürlich nicht.</p>
<p>Schließlich beachte man, dass auch beim Ausschneiden <i>konstanter Abschnitte</i> (also <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn mathvariant='bold'>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabm4DayaafaGaaiikaiaadshacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaaGimaaaa@3B06@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> für alle <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2282;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiabgIGiolaacUfacaWGYbGaaiilaiaadohacaGGDbGaeyOGIWSaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@4301@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>) die Kurve unverändert bleibt, der Weg selbst jedoch nicht.</p>
<b/>&#160;
</li>
</ul>    

<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">
<p><u><b>Beispiel:</b></u> &#160;</p>
<ul type="square">
<li>
<p><img style="float: right; margin-left:20pt; margin-top:-0pt; margin-right:2pt" src="ellipse.gif" width="174px" height="116px"/>Für <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaeyOpa4JaaGimaaaa@3A2B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist die <i>Ellipse</i></p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>t</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0,2</mn><mi>&#x03C0;</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiablAAiHjaacIcacaWGHbGaeyyXICTaci4yaiaac+gacaGGZbGaamiDaiaacYcacaWGIbGaeyyXICTaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaamiDaiaacMcacaGGSaGaaGzbVlaadshacqGHiiIZcaGGBbGaaGimaiaacYcacaaIYaGaeqiWdaNaaiyxaaaa@5303@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>ein geschlossener <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi mathvariant='script'>C</mi>
    <mi>&#x221E;</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4qamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOhIukaaaaa@3852@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>-Weg in <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaaa@3845@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Die Skizze zeigt die zugehörige Kurve für <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>a</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabg2da9iaaikdaaaa@3894@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>b</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOyaiabg2da9iaaigdaaaa@3894@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><img style="float: right; margin-left:20pt; margin-top:-20pt; margin-right:11pt" src="kubisch.gif" width="147px" height="169px"/> Der <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi mathvariant='script'>C</mi>
    <mi>&#x221E;</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4qamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOhIukaaaaa@3852@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>-Weg</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>t</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><msup>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mn>3</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msqrt>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msqrt>
   <mo>,</mo><msqrt>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msqrt>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiablAAiHjaacIcacaWG0bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaeyOeI0IaaGymaiaacYcacaWG0bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIZaaaaOGaeyOeI0IaamiDaiaacMcacaGGSaGaaGzbVlaadshacqGHiiIZcaGGBbGaeyOeI0YaaOaaaeaacaaIYaaaleqaaOGaaiilamaakaaabaGaaGOmaaWcbeaakiaac2faaaa@4BE8@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>ist nicht geschlossen. Da <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mn>1</mn><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0,0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaGymaiablAAiHjaacIcacaaIWaGaaiilaiaaicdacaGGPaaaaa@3BDD@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0,0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaiablAAiHjaacIcacaaIWaGaaiilaiaaicdacaGGPaaaaa@3CCA@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> durchläuft die Kurve den Punkt <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0,0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaaicdacaGGSaGaaGimaiaacMcaaaa@3969@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> zweimal.</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><img style="float: right; margin-left:20pt; margin-top:-10pt; margin-right:8pt" src="lissajous.gif" width="160px" height="163px"/><i><a href="http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Lissajous.html" target="_blank">Lissajous</a>-Kurven</i> gehören zu <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi mathvariant='script'>C</mi>
    <mi>&#x221E;</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4qamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOhIukaaaaa@3852@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>-Wegen der Form</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>t</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0,2</mn><mi>&#x03C0;</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiablAAiHjaacIcacaWGHbGaeyyXICTaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaaiikaiaad6gacaWG0bGaey4kaSIaam4yaiaacMcacaGGSaGaamOyaiabgwSixlGacohacaGGPbGaaiOBaiaadshacaGGPaGaaiilaiaaywW7caWG0bGaeyicI4Saai4waiaaicdacaGGSaGaaGOmaiabec8aWjaac2faaaa@571E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Die Skizze zeigt die Lissajous-Kurve zu <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>a</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabg2da9iaadkgacqGH9aqpcaWGJbGaeyypa0JaaGymaaaa@3C6E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOBaiabg2da9iaaiodaaaa@38A2@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Nicht alle Lissajou-Kurven sind geschlossen.</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Die <span class="inf" style="white-space:normal" onmouseover="if(active3==0){position('tip3','tab3',event.clientX,event.clientY); document.getElementById('tip3').className='tooltip_v'; if(!b)document.getElementById('tip3').className='tooltip_v_noopac'};active3=1">
Spirale<img class="inf" style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px" src="../info.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span>
<span id="tip3" class="tooltip_h">
<table id="tab3" border="0" style="width:400px" ><tr><td colspan="2" onmousedown="x0=event.clientX;y0=event.clientY;fix('tip3')" onmouseup="drag=0" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color:blue; font-family:monospace"><p style="cursor: move; color:blue; margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:0px; size:12pt; font-weight:bold">&#160;i</p><span style="float: right; margin-top:-15px"><img title="opacity on/off" style="margin-right:10px" onclick="opac_change();" src="../opacity-off.gif" width="10" height="10"/><img onclick="active3=0;document.getElementById('tip3').className='tooltip_h'" src="../close.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size:8pt; color:#404040; font-family:Verdana"><i>Linke Maustaste</i>: Rotieren</td><td style="font-size:8pt; color:#404040; text-align:right; font-family:Verdana"><i>Rechte Maustaste</i>: Kontextmenü</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2">
<p style="white-space:normal"><applet style="border:0" code="javaview.class" archive="../jars/javaview.jar" width="400" height="400">
	<param name="Model" value="spirale2.jvx"/>
	<param name="Control" value="Hide"/>
	<param name="border" value="Hide"/>
	<param name="boundingBox" value="hide"/>
	<param name="depthcue" value="Show"/>
	<param name="axes" value="Show"/>
	<param name="frame" value="hide"/>
	<param name="background" value="0 0 0"/>
</applet></p>
<div style="margin-top:-10pt"><i>Spirale</i><br/><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>t</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo rspace='0.05em' lspace='0.05em'>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo rspace='0.05em' lspace='0.05em'>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0,20</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiablAAiHjaacIcacaWG0bGaeyyXICTaci4yaiaac+gacaGGZbGaamiDaiaacYcacaWG0bGaeyyXICTaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaamiDaiaacYcacaWG0bGaaiykaiaacYcacaaMf8UaamiDaiabgIGiolaacUfacaaIWaGaaiilaiaaikdacaaIWaGaaiyxaaaa@53CE@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
<!--<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mstyle scriptlevel='1'>
    <mfrac>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mrow>
      <mn>16</mn>
     </mrow>
    </mfrac>
   </mstyle>
   <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mstyle scriptlevel='1'>
    <mfrac>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mn>2</mn>
    </mfrac>
   </mstyle>
   <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mstyle scriptlevel='1'>
    <mfrac>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mrow>
      <mn>10</mn>
     </mrow>
    </mfrac>
   </mstyle>
   <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0,10</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiablAAiHjaacIcadaWcbaWcbaGaaGymaaqaaiaaigdacaaI2aaaaOGaeyyXICTaamiEaiabgwSixlGacogacaGGVbGaai4CaiaadIhacaGGSaWaaSqaaSqaaiaaigdaaeaacaaIYaaaaOGaeyyXICTaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaamiEaiaacYcadaWcbaWcbaGaaGymaaqaaiaaigdacaaIWaaaaOGaeyyXICTaamiEaiaacMcacaGGSaGaaGzbVlaadIhacqGHiiIZcaGGBbGaaGimaiaacYcacaaIXaGaaGimaiaac2faaaa@5DCF@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>--></div>
<p style="text-align:right; font-size:8pt; color:#404040; font-family:Verdana; margin-top:5pt">Display by <a href="http://www.javaview.de/" target="_blank">JavaView</a></p>
</td></tr></table>
</span> und die geschlossene <span class="inf" style="white-space:normal" onmouseover="if(active4==0){position('tip4','tab4',event.clientX,event.clientY); document.getElementById('tip4').className='tooltip_v'; if(!b)document.getElementById('tip4').className='tooltip_v_noopac'};active4=1">
Kurve von Viviani<img class="inf" style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px" src="../info.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span>
<span id="tip4" class="tooltip_h">
<table id="tab4" border="0" style="width:400px" ><tr><td colspan="2" onmousedown="x0=event.clientX;y0=event.clientY;fix('tip4')" onmouseup="drag=0" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color:blue; font-family:monospace"><p style="cursor: move; color:blue; margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:0px; size:12pt; font-weight:bold">&#160;i</p><span style="float: right; margin-top:-15px"><img title="opacity on/off" style="margin-right:10px" onclick="opac_change();" src="../opacity-off.gif" width="10" height="10"/><img onclick="active4=0;document.getElementById('tip4').className='tooltip_h'" src="../close.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size:8pt; color:#404040; font-family:Verdana"><i>Linke Maustaste</i>: Rotieren</td><td style="font-size:8pt; color:#404040; text-align:right; font-family:Verdana"><i>Rechte Maustaste</i>: Kontextmenü</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2">
<p style="white-space:normal"><applet style="border:0" code="javaview.class" archive="../jars/javaview.jar" width="400" height="400">
	<param name="Model" value="viviani.jvx"/>
	<param name="Control" value="Hide"/>
	<param name="border" value="Hide"/>
	<param name="boundingBox" value="hide"/>
	<param name="depthcue" value="Show"/>
	<param name="axes" value="Show"/>
	<param name="frame" value="hide"/>
	<param name="background" value="0 0 0"/>
</applet></p>
<div style="margin-top:-10pt"><i>Kurve von Viviani</i><br/><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>t</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>t</mi><mn>,2</mn><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0,4</mn><mi>&#x03C0;</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiablAAiHjaacIcacaaIXaGaey4kaSIaci4yaiaac+gacaGGZbGaamiDaiaacYcaciGGZbGaaiyAaiaac6gacaWG0bGaaiilaiaaikdacqGHflY1ciGGZbGaaiyAaiaac6gacaGGOaWaaSaaaeaacaWG0baabaGaaGOmaaaacaGGPaGaaiykaiaacYcacaaMf8UaamiDaiabgIGiolaacUfacaaIWaGaaiilaiaaisdacqaHapaCcaGGDbaaaa@57ED@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p style="text-align:right; font-size:8pt; color:#404040; font-family:Verdana; margin-top:5pt">Display by <a href="http://www.javaview.de/" target="_blank">JavaView</a></p>
</td></tr></table>
</span> sind Beispiele für <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi mathvariant='script'>C</mi>
    <mi>&#x221E;</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4qamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOhIukaaaaa@3852@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>-Kurven im <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mn>3</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacaaIZaaaaaaa@3846@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Im <a href="http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Curves/Curves.html" target="_blank">Famous Curves Index</a> findet man eine Vielzahl weiterer Kurven.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>

<p>Für differenzierbare Wege gelten elementare Ableitungsregeln sowie eine Version des Mittelwertsatzes.</p>
<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Bemerkung:</b></u> &#160;</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>Sind <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>v</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamODaiaacYcacaWG3bGaaiOoaiaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbGaeyOKH4QaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacaWGRbaaaaaa@4208@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> zwei differenzierbare Wege, so ist jede Linearkombination <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>&#x03B1;</mi><mi>v</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>&#x03B2;</mi><mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqySdeMaamODaiabgUcaRiabek7aIjaadEhacaGG6aGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2facqGHsgIRcqWIDesOdaahaaWcbeqaaiaadUgaaaaaaa@457A@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ebenfalls ein differenzierbarer Weg mit</p>
</li>
</ol>
<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>&#x03B1;</mi><mi>v</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>&#x03B2;</mi><mi>w</mi><msup>
    <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo>=</mo><mi>&#x03B1;</mi><msup>
    <mi>v</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>&#x03B2;</mi><msup>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiabeg7aHjaadAhacqGHRaWkcqaHYoGycaWG3bGabiykayaafaGaeyypa0JaeqySdeMabmODayaafaGaey4kaSIaeqOSdiMabm4Dayaafaaaaa@44A1@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="4">[8.6.4]</a></span></td></tr></table>
<ol start="2">
<li>
<p>Ist <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacQdacaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaiabgkziUkabl2riHoaaCaaaleqabaGaam4Aaaaaaaa@405D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ein differenzierbarer Weg, so gibt es zu je zwei verschiedenen Punkten <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>r</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOCaiaacYcacaWGZbGaeyicI4Saai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@3E4C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> Zahlen <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mover accent='true'>
     <mi>t</mi>
     <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
    </mover>
    
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mover accent='true'>
     <mi>t</mi>
     <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
    </mover>
    
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiDayaaiaWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaOGaaiilaiablAciljaacYcaceWG0bGbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaam4Aaaqabaaaaa@3C8B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>&#160;<span class="inf" style="white-space:normal" onmouseover="if(active1==0){position('tip1','tab1',event.clientX,event.clientY); document.getElementById('tip1').className='tooltip_v'; if(!b)document.getElementById('tip1').className='tooltip_v_noopac'};active1=1">
zwischen<img class="inf" style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px" src="../info.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span>
<span id="tip1" class="tooltip_h">
<table id="tab1" border="0" style="width:180px"><tr><td onmousedown="x0=event.clientX;y0=event.clientY;fix('tip1')" onmouseup="drag=0" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color:blue; font-family:monospace"><p style="cursor: move; color:blue; margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:0px; size:12pt; font-weight:bold">&#160;i</p><span style="float: right; margin-top:-15px"><img title="opacity on/off" style="margin-right:10px" onclick="opac_change();" src="../opacity-off.gif" width="10" height="10"/><img onclick="active1=0;document.getElementById('tip1').className='tooltip_h'" src="../close.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<!--##################### tip1 ######################-->
<p style="white-space:normal">also&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mover accent='true'>
     <mi>t</mi>
     <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
    </mover>
    
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>[</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiDayaaiaWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaeyicI4SaaiyxaiaadkhacaGGSaGaam4CaiaacUfaaaa@3DFB@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, falls <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
 <mrow>
  <mi>r</mi><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOCaiabgYda8iaadohaaaa@38DF@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p>
<p>und&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mover accent='true'>
     <mi>t</mi>
     <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
    </mover>
    
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>[</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiDayaaiaWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaeyicI4SaaiyxaiaadohacaGGSaGaamOCaiaacUfaaaa@3DFB@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, falls <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
 <mrow>
  <mi>s</mi><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4CaiabgYda8iaadkhaaaa@38DF@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
<!--##################### end tip1 ######################-->
</td></tr></table>
</span> <i>r</i> und <i>s</i>, so dass</p>
</li>
</ol>
<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <msup>
     <mi>w</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    </msup>
    
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>(</mo><msub>
    <mover accent='true'>
     <mi>t</mi>
     <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
    </mover>
    
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msub>
    <msup>
     <mi>w</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    </msup>
    
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>(</mo><msub>
    <mover accent='true'>
     <mi>t</mi>
     <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
    </mover>
    
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacIcacaWGZbGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadEhacaGGOaGaamOCaiaacMcacqGHRaWkcaGGOaGaam4CaiabgkHiTiaadkhacaGGPaGaeyyXICTaaiikaiqadEhagaqbamaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaakiaacIcaceWG0bGbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaaGymaaqabaGccaGGPaGaaiilaiablAciljaacYcaceWG3bGbauaadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccaGGOaGabmiDayaaiaWaaSbaaSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaOGaaiykaiaacMcaaaa@53C7@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="5">[8.6.5]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<ol start="3">
<li>
<p>Ist <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacQdacaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaiabgkziUkabl2riHoaaCaaaleqabaGaam4Aaaaaaaa@405D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ein differenzierbarer Weg, so ist <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <msup>
   <mi>w</mi>
   <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
  </msup>
  
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabm4Dayaafaaaaa@36F4@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> integrierbar und</p>
</li>
</ol>
<table><tr><td class="def">
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mi>r</mi>
    <mi>s</mi>
   </munderover>
   <msup>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
  <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
 </mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaa8qCaeaaceWG3bGbauaaaSqaaiaadkhaaeaacaWGZbaaniabgUIiYdGccqGH9aqpcaWG3bGaaiikaiaadohacaGGPaGaeyOeI0Iaam4DaiaacIcacaWGYbGaaiykaaaa@43E2@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
</td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="6">[8.6.6]</a></span></td></tr></table>
<p style="margin-left:42px">für alle <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>r</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOCaiaacYcacaWGZbGaeyicI4Saai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@3E4C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;</p>
<p>1.&#160;<font size="2">&#9658;</font> &#160;Alle Koordinatenfunktionen <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>&#x03B1;</mi><msub>
    <mi>v</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>&#x03B2;</mi><msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqySdeMaamODamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaakiabgUcaRiabek7aIjaadEhadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaaqabaaaaa@3E43@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> sind nach Summen- und Faktorregel differenzierbar mit</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>&#x03B1;</mi><msub>
    <mi>v</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>&#x03B2;</mi><msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <msup>
    <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo>=</mo><mi>&#x03B1;</mi><msup><mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>v</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   </mrow><mo>&#x0027;</mo></msup><mo>+</mo><mi>&#x03B2;</mi><msup><mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   </mrow><mo>&#x0027;</mo></msup>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiabeg7aHjaadAhadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaaqabaGccqGHRaWkcqaHYoGycaWG3bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGabiykayaafaGaeyypa0JaeqySdeMaamODamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaakiaacEcacqGHRaWkcqaHYoGycaWG3bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaai4jaaaa@4A6F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>2.&#160;<font size="2">&#9658;</font> &#160;Wir betrachten wieder eine beliebige Koordinatenfunktion <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaaaaa@3802@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und finden über den Mittelwertsatz <a class="ref" href="../Differentialrechnung/7_9.xml#5" target="_blank">[7.9.5]</a> ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mover accent='true'>
     <mi>t</mi>
     <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
    </mover>
    
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiDayaaiaWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaaaa@380E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> zwischen <i>r</i> und <i>s</i>, so dass</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo>
   <msup><mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   </mrow><mo>&#x0027;</mo></msup><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>(</mo><msub>
    <mover accent='true'>
     <mi>t</mi>
     <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
    </mover>
    
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><msub>
    <msup>
     <mi>w</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    </msup>
    
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>(</mo><msub>
    <mover accent='true'>
     <mi>t</mi>
     <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
    </mover>
    
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaakiaacIcacaWGZbGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadEhadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaaqabaGccaGGOaGaamOCaiaacMcacqGHRaWkcaGGOaGaam4CaiabgkHiTiaadkhacaGGPaGaeyyXICTaam4DamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaakiaacEcacaGGOaGabmiDayaaiaWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadEhadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaaqabaGccaGGOaGaamOCaiaacMcacqGHRaWkcaGGOaGaam4CaiabgkHiTiaadkhacaGGPaGaeyyXICTabm4DayaafaWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaaiikaiqadshagaacamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaakiaacMcaaaa@600C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>3.&#160;<font size="2">&#9658;</font> &#160;Jede Koordinatenfunktion <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaaaaa@3802@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist trivialerweise eine Stammfunktion zu <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow><msup><mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub></mrow>
   <mo>&#x0027;</mo></msup><mo>=</mo><msub>
    <msup>
     <mi>w</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    </msup>
    
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaakiaacEcacqGH9aqpceWG3bGbauaadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaaqabaaaaa@3BDF@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
</td></tr></table>

<p>Integrale über integrierbare Wege erfüllen dieselben Rechenregeln und haben die gleichen Eigenschaften wie gewöhnliche Integrale auch.</p>
<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Bemerkung:</b></u> &#160;Sind <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>v</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamODaiaacYcacaWG3bGaaiOoaiaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbGaeyOKH4QaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacaWGRbaaaaaa@4208@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> zwei integrierbare Wege, so gilt für <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>r</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOCaiaacYcacaWGZbGaaiilaiaadshacqGHiiIZcaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaaaa@3FF5@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
:</p>

<table><tr><td class="def">
<ol>
<li>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mi>r</mi>
    <mi>r</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mi>w</mi>
  </mrow>
  <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>=</mo>
   <mn mathvariant='bold'>0</mn>
   <mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mrow><munderover>
   <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
   <mi>r</mi>
   <mi>s</mi>
  </munderover>
  <mi>w</mi>
 </mrow>
 <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mrow><munderover>
  <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
  <mi>s</mi>
  <mi>r</mi>
 </munderover>
 <mi>w</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mrow><munderover>
 <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
 <mi>r</mi>
 <mi>s</mi>
</munderover>
<mi>w</mi>
</mrow>
<mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mrow><munderover>
 <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
 <mi>r</mi>
 <mi>t</mi>
</munderover>
<mi>w</mi>
</mrow>
<mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>+</mo><mrow><munderover>
 <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
 <mi>t</mi>
 <mi>s</mi>
</munderover>
<mi>w</mi>
</mrow>

</mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaa8qCaeaacaWG3baaleaacaWGYbaabaGaamOCaaqdcqGHRiI8aOGaeyypa0JaaGimaiaacYcacaaMf8+aa8qCaeaacaWG3baaleaacaWGYbaabaGaam4CaaqdcqGHRiI8aOGaeyypa0JaeyOeI0Yaa8qCaeaacaWG3baaleaacaWGZbaabaGaamOCaaqdcqGHRiI8aOGaaiilaiaaywW7daWdXbqaaiaadEhaaSqaaiaadkhaaeaacaWGZbaaniabgUIiYdGccqGH9aqpdaWdXbqaaiaadEhaaSqaaiaadkhaaeaacaWG0baaniabgUIiYdGccqGHRaWkdaWdXbqaaiaadEhaaSqaaiaadshaaeaacaWGZbaaniabgUIiYdaaaa@602F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p>
</li>
</ol>
</td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="7">[8.6.7]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td class="def">
<ol start="2">
<li>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mi>r</mi>
    <mi>s</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <mi>&#x03B1;</mi><mi>v</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>&#x03B2;</mi><mi>w</mi>
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mi>&#x03B1;</mi><mrow><munderover>
   <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
   <mi>r</mi>
   <mi>s</mi>
  </munderover>
  <mi>v</mi>
 </mrow>
 <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>+</mo><mi>&#x03B2;</mi><mrow><munderover>
  <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
  <mi>r</mi>
  <mi>s</mi>
 </munderover>
 <mi>w</mi>
</mrow>

</mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaa8qCaeaacqaHXoqycaWG2bGaey4kaSIaeqOSdiMaam4DaaWcbaGaamOCaaqaaiaadohaa0Gaey4kIipakiabg2da9iabeg7aHnaapehabaGaamODaaWcbaGaamOCaaqaaiaadohaa0Gaey4kIipakiabgUcaRiabek7aInaapehabaGaam4DaaWcbaGaamOCaaqaaiaadohaa0Gaey4kIipaaaa@5040@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p>
</li>
</ol>
</td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="8">[8.6.8]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<ol start="3">
<li>
<p>Sind <i>r</i> und <i>s</i> verschieden, so gibt es Zahlen <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mover accent='true'>
     <mi>t</mi>
     <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
    </mover>
    
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mover accent='true'>
     <mi>t</mi>
     <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
    </mover>
    
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiDayaaiaWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaOGaaiilaiablAciljaacYcaceWG0bGbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaam4Aaaqabaaaaa@3C8B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> zwischen <i>r</i> und <i>s</i> so dass</p>
</li>
</ol>
<table><tr><td class="def">
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mi>r</mi>
    <mi>s</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mi>w</mi>
  </mrow>
  <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
   <mi>w</mi>
   <mn>1</mn>
  </msub>
  <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>(</mo><msub>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   
   <mn>1</mn>
  </msub>
  <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msub>
   <mi>w</mi>
   <mi>k</mi>
  </msub>
  <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>(</mo><msub>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   
   <mi>k</mi>
  </msub>
  <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
 </mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaa8qCaeaacaWG3baaleaacaWGYbaabaGaam4CaaqdcqGHRiI8aOGaeyypa0JaaiikaiaadohacqGHsislcaWGYbGaaiykaiabgwSixlaacIcacaWG3bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaOGaaiikaiqadshagaacamaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaakiaacMcacaGGSaGaeSOjGSKaaiilaiaadEhadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccaGGOaGabmiDayaaiaWaaSbaaSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaOGaaiykaiaacMcaaaa@5192@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
</td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="9">[8.6.9]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;In allen Fällen ist die Gleichheit koordinatenweise zu begründen. Dies gelingt in</p>
<p>1.&#160;<font size="2">&#9658;</font> &#160; mit <a class="ref" href="8_2.xml#2" target="_blank">[8.2.2] - [8.2.4]</a>.</p>
<p>2.&#160;<font size="2">&#9658;</font> &#160; mit <a class="ref" href="8_2.xml#5" target="_blank">[8.2.5]/[8.2.7]</a>.</p>
<p>3.&#160;<font size="2">&#9658;</font> &#160; mit <a class="ref" href="8_2.xml#8" target="_blank">[8.2.8]</a>.</p>
</td></tr></table>

<p>Für stetige Wege läßt sich auch die Abschätzung <a class="ref" href="8_2.xml#11" target="_blank">[8.2.11]</a> übertragen. Die Formulierung wie auch der Beweis benutzen dabei das <span class="inf" style="white-space:normal" onmouseover="if(active0==0){position('tip0','tab0',event.clientX,event.clientY); document.getElementById('tip0').className='tooltip_v'; if(!b)document.getElementById('tip0').className='tooltip_v_noopac'};active0=1">
Skalarprodukt<img class="inf" style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px" src="../info.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span>
<span id="tip0" class="tooltip_h" style="white-space:normal">
<table id="tab0" border="0" style="width:455px" ><tr><td onmousedown="x0=event.clientX;y0=event.clientY;fix('tip0')" onmouseup="drag=0" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color:blue; font-family:monospace"><p style="cursor: move; color:blue; margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:0px; size:12pt; font-weight:bold">&#160;i</p><span style="float: right; margin-top:-15px"><img title="opacity on/off" style="margin-right:10px" onclick="opac_change();" src="../opacity-off.gif" width="10" height="10"/><img onclick="active0=0;document.getElementById('tip0').className='tooltip_h'" src="../close.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<!-- ################### tip0 ####################-->
<p style="white-space:normal">Mit dem <i>Skalarprodukt</i></p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi mathvariant='bold-italic'>x</mi><mo>&#x00B7;</mo><mi mathvariant='bold-italic'>y</mi><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
    <mrow>
     <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>x</mi>
     <mi>i</mi>
    </msub>
    <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><msub>
     <mi>y</mi>
     <mi>i</mi>
    </msub>
    
   </mrow>
   <mtext>&#x2009;</mtext><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi mathvariant='bold-italic'>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant='bold-italic'>y</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabl+y6NjaadMhacqGH9aqpdaaeWbqaaiaadIhadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaaqabaGccqGHflY1caWG5bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaaqaaiaadMgacqGH9aqpcaaIXaaabaGaam4AaaqdcqGHris5aOGaaGPaVlaacYcacaaMf8UaamiEaiaacYcacaWG5bGaeyicI4SaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacaWGRbaaaaaa@5245@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>ist insbesondere die <i>Länge</i>&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi mathvariant='bold-italic'>x</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>=</mo><msqrt>
    <mrow>
     <mi mathvariant='bold-italic'>x</mi><mo>&#x00B7;</mo><mi mathvariant='bold-italic'>x</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msqrt>
   <mo>=</mo><msqrt>
    <mrow>
     <munderover>
      <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
      <mrow>
       <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
      </mrow>
      <mi>k</mi>
     </munderover>
     <mrow>
      <msubsup>
       <mi>x</mi>
       <mi>i</mi>
       <mn>2</mn>
      </msubsup>
      
     </mrow>
     
    </mrow>
   </msqrt>
   <mtext>&#x2009;</mtext>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaadIhacaGG8bGaeyypa0ZaaOaaaeaacaWG4bGaeS4JPFMaamiEaaWcbeaakiabg2da9maakaaabaWaaabCaeaacaWG4bWaa0baaSqaaiaadMgaaeaacaaIYaaaaaqaaiaadMgacqGH9aqpcaaIXaaabaGaam4AaaqdcqGHris5aaWcbeaakiaaykW7aaa@49DE@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> eines Vektors <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi mathvariant='bold-italic'>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgIGiolabl2riHoaaCaaaleqabaGaam4Aaaaaaaa@3AFA@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> gegeben. Im Beweis benutzen wir die leicht einzusehende Identität</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi mathvariant='bold-italic'>x</mi><msup>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant='bold-italic'>x</mi><mo>&#x00B7;</mo><mi mathvariant='bold-italic'>x</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaadIhacaGG8bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaeyypa0JaamiEaiabl+y6NjaadIhaaaa@3F4C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>,
</div>
<p>sowie die <i>Cauchy-Schwarzsche Ungleichung</i></p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi mathvariant='bold-italic'>x</mi><mo>&#x00B7;</mo><mi mathvariant='bold-italic'>y</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi mathvariant='bold-italic'>x</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi mathvariant='bold-italic'>y</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaadIhacqWIpM+zcaWG5bGaaiiFaiabgsMiJkaacYhacaWG4bGaaiiFaiabgwSixlaacYhacaWG5bGaaiiFaaaa@4651@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Ihren Nachweis, sowie weitere Eigenschaften des Skalarprodukts, wie etwa die <i>Dreiecksungleichung</i></p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi mathvariant='bold-italic'>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant='bold-italic'>y</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi mathvariant='bold-italic'>x</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi mathvariant='bold-italic'>y</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaadIhacqGHRaWkcaWG5bGaaiiFaiabgsMiJkaacYhacaWG4bGaaiiFaiabgUcaRiaacYhacaWG5bGaaiiFaaaa@435B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>findet man im Abschnitt <a class="ref" href="../LineareAlgebra/9_13.html" target="_blank">9.13</a>.</p>
<!-- ################### end tip0 ################-->
</td></tr></table>
</span> des <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacaWGRbaaaaaa@3879@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Bemerkung:</b></u> &#160;Für jeden stetigen Weg <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacQdacaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaiabgkziUkabl2riHoaaCaaaleqabaGaam4Aaaaaaaa@405D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist</p>

<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>b</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mi>w</mi>
  </mrow>
  <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>&#x2264;</mo><mrow><munderover>
   <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
   <mi>a</mi>
   <mi>b</mi>
  </munderover>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
  </mrow>
 </mrow>
 
</mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFamaapehabaGaam4DaaWcbaGaamyyaaqaaiaadkgaa0Gaey4kIipakiaacYhacqGHKjYOdaWdXbqaaiaacYhacaWG3bGaaiiFaaWcbaGaamyyaaqaaiaadkgaa0Gaey4kIipaaaa@460F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> 
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="10">[8.6.10]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;Man beachte zunächst, dass die stetigen Wege <i>w</i> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaadEhacaGG8baaaa@38E8@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> auch integrierbar sind. Mit der Abkürzung</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>c</mi><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>b</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mi>w</mi>
  </mrow>
  
 </mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4yaiabg2da9maapehabaGaam4DaaWcbaGaamyyaaqaaiaadkgaa0Gaey4kIipaaaa@3D0C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, &#160;also&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>c</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>b</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>w</mi>
     <mi>i</mi>
    </msub>
    
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  
 </mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4yamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaakiabg2da9maapehabaGaam4DamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaaaeaacaWGHbaabaGaamOyaaqdcqGHRiI8aaaa@3F3F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>wird die folgende Rechnung übersichtlicher. Ist <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaadogacaGG8bGaeyypa0JaaGimaaaa@3A94@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, ist nichts zu zeigen, denn die rechte Seite von <a class="ref" href="#10">[8.6.10]</a> ist stets positiv. Sei also <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x2260;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaadogacaGG8bGaeyiyIKRaaGimaaaa@3B55@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Mit der Cauchy-Schwarzschen Ungleichung und der Monotonie des Integrals <a class="ref" href="8_2.xml#10" target="_blank">[8.2.10]</a> erhalten wir jetzt die folgende Abschätzung</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mtable columnalign='left' columnspacing='0'>
   <mtr columnalign='left'>
    <mtd columnalign='right'>
     <mrow>
      <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mrow><munderover>
       <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
       <mi>a</mi>
       <mi>b</mi>
      </munderover>
      <mi>w</mi>
     </mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>c</mi><msup>
      <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>&#x00B7;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>=</mo><munderover>
      <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
      <mrow>
       <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
      </mrow>
      <mi>k</mi>
     </munderover>
     <mrow>
      <msub>
       <mi>c</mi>
       <mi>i</mi>
      </msub>
      <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mrow><munderover>
       <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
       <mi>a</mi>
       <mi>b</mi>
      </munderover>
      <mrow>
       <msub>
        <mi>w</mi>
        <mi>i</mi>
       </msub>
       
      </mrow>
     </mrow>
     
    </mrow>
    
   </mrow>
  </mtd>
  <mtd columnalign='left'>
   <mrow>
    <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mrow><mrow><munderover>
     <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
     <mi>a</mi>
     <mi>b</mi>
    </munderover></mrow>
    <mrow>
     <munderover>
      <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
      <mrow>
       <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
      </mrow>
      <mi>k</mi>
     </munderover>
     <mrow>
      <msub>
       <mi>c</mi>
       <mi>i</mi>
      </msub>
      <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><msub>
       <mi>w</mi>
       <mi>i</mi>
      </msub>
      
     </mrow>
     
    </mrow>
   </mrow>
   
  </mrow>
 </mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr columnalign='left'>
 <mtd columnalign='left'>
  <mrow></mrow>
 </mtd>
 <mtd columnalign='left'>
  <mrow>
   <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>b</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <mi>c</mi><mo>&#x00B7;</mo><mi>w</mi>
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>&#x2264;</mo><mrow><munderover>
   <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
   <mi>a</mi>
   <mi>b</mi>
  </munderover>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>&#x00B7;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
  </mrow>
 </mrow>
 <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>&#x2264;</mo><mrow><munderover>
  <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
  <mi>a</mi>
  <mi>b</mi>
 </munderover>
 <mrow>
  <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
 </mrow>
</mrow>
<mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mrow><munderover>
 <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
 <mi>a</mi>
 <mi>b</mi>
</munderover>
<mrow>
 <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>

</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>

</mtable>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@9EC6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p></p>
</td></tr></table>

<p>Wir wollen nun die <i>Länge</i> eines stetigen Weges <i>w</i> ermitteln. Bei der Flächenmessung haben wie die anstehende Fläche durch elementare Flächen (Vereinigung von Rechteckstreifen) mit bekanntem Maß approximiert. Hier nun werden wir analog <i>w</i> durch elementare Wege, nämlich die Vereinigung von Strecken approximieren.</p>

<p>Zunächst treffen wir einige technische Vorbereitungen: Unter einer <i>Zerlegung Z</i> des Intervalls <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo rspace='0.1em' lspace='0.1em'>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@3A29@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> verstehen wir eine endliche Sequenz <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadshadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaGccaGGSaGaeSOjGSKaaiilaiaadshadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3DD2@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> in <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo rspace='0.1em' lspace='0.1em'>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@3A29@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2265;</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOBaiabgwMiZkaaigdaaaa@3960@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so dass</p>
 <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>a</mi><mo>=</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x003C;</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x003C;</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x003C;</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>=</mo><mi>b</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabg2da9iaadshadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaGccqGH8aapcaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaOGaeyipaWJaeSOjGSKaeyipaWJaamiDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaqabaGccqGH8aapcaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaeyypa0JaamOyaaaa@48B6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
 </div>
<p>Die Zahl <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>max</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>n</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaciyBaiaacggacaGG4bGaai4EaiaadshadaWgaaWcbaGaaGymaaqabaGccqGHsislcaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaaiilaiablAciljaacYcacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaeyOeI0IaamiDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaqabaGccaGG9baaaa@48DB@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> nennen wir die <i>Feinheit</i> von <i>Z</i>.</p>
<p>Ist <i>w</i> ein vorgegebener Weg, so zeichnet eine Zerlegung <i>Z</i>&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOBaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaaa@387C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
 Punkte <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacIcacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaaiykaiaacYcacqWIMaYscaGGSaGaam4DaiaacIcacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaaaa@4123@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> in <i>w</i> aus, deren fortlaufende Verbindungstrecken sich zu einem <i>Polygonzug</i>&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>p</mi>
    <mi>Z</mi>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiCamaaBaaaleaacaWGAbaabeaaaaa@37EC@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> zusammensetzen:</p>
<table style="margin-left:-12px"><tr><td class="def">
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>p</mi>
    <mi>Z</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mrow>
       <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
      </mrow>
     </msub>
     
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <msub>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mi>i</mi>
     </msub>
     <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mrow>
       <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
      </mrow>
     </msub>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiCamaaBaaaleaacaWGAbaabeaakiaacIcacaWG0bGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadEhacaGGOaGaamiDamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaqabaGccaGGPaGaey4kaSYaaSaaaeaacaWG0bGaeyOeI0IaamiDamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaqabaaakeaacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaeyOeI0IaamiDamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaqabaaaaOGaaiikaiaadEhacaGGOaGaamiDamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaakiaacMcacqGHsislcaWG3bGaaiikaiaadshadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaeqaaOGaaiykaiaacMcaaaa@5BA6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, &#160;falls <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiabgIGiolaacUfacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgacqGHsislcaaIXaaabeaakiaacYcacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaaiyxaaaa@40BB@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
</td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="11">[8.6.11]</a></span></td></tr></table>
<p>Alle Polygonzüge <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <msub>
   <mi>p</mi>
   <mi>Z</mi>
  </msub>
  
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiCamaaBaaaleaacaWGAbaabeaaaaa@37EC@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> sind Wege mit Anfangspunkt <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadEhacaGGOaGaamiDamaaBaaaleaacaaIWaaabeaakiaacMcaaaa@3E6B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und Endpunkt <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacIcacaWGIbGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadEhacaGGOaGaamiDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcaaaa@3EA5@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Sie approximieren einen stetigen Weg <i>w</i> im folgenden Sinn:</p>

<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Bemerkung:</b></u> &#160;Ist <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacQdacaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaiabgkziUkabl2riHoaaCaaaleqabaGaam4Aaaaaaaa@405D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ein stetiger Weg, so gibt es zu jedem <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>&#x03B5;</mi><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyTduMaeyOpa4JaaGimaaaa@3955@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>&#x03B4;</mi><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqiTdqMaeyOpa4JaaGimaaaa@3953@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so dass für jede Zerlegung <i>Z</i> mit einer Feinheit kleiner <i>&#x03B4;</i> gilt</p>

<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
    <mi>p</mi>
    <mi>Z</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>&#x03B5;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaadEhacaGGOaGaamiDaiaacMcacqGHsislcaWGWbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadQfaaeqaaOGaaiikaiaadshacaGGPaGaaiiFaiabgYda8iabew7aLbaa@432E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>&#160; für alle <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiabgIGiolaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbaaaa@3CA6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. 
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="12">[8.6.12]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;Sei <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>&#x03B5;</mi><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyTduMaeyOpa4JaaGimaaaa@3955@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> gegeben. Da jede der stetigen Koordinatenfunktion <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mi>j</mi>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DamaaBaaaleaacaWGQbaabeaaaaa@3803@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> auf dem abgeschlossenen Intervall <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@3A29@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> auch gleichmäßig stetig ist (siehe <a class="ref" href="../StetigeFunktionen/6_5.xml#5" target="_blank">[6.5.5]</a>), gibt es zu <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mfrac>
    <mi>&#x03B5;</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><msqrt>
      <mi>k</mi>
     </msqrt>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacqaH1oqzaeaacaaIYaWaaOaaaeaacaWGRbaaleqaaaaakiabg6da+iaaicdaaaa@3B36@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>&#x03B4;</mi>
    <mi>j</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqiTdq2aaSbaaSqaaiaadQgaaeqaaOGaeyOpa4JaaGimaaaa@3A78@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so dass</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>s</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mo>&#x2227;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><msub>
    <mi>&#x03B4;</mi>
    <mi>j</mi>
   </msub>
   <mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mo>&#x21D2;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mi>j</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mi>j</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><msup>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x003C;</mo><mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <msup>
      <mi>&#x03B5;</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mn>4</mn><mi>k</mi>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4CaiaacYcacaWG0bGaeyicI4Saai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2facaaMf8Uaey4jIKTaaGzbVlaacYhacaWGZbGaeyOeI0IaamiDaiaacYhacqGH8aapcqaH0oazdaWgaaWcbaGaamOAaaqabaGccaaMf8UaeyO0H4TaaGzbVlaacYhacaWG3bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadQgaaeqaaOGaaiikaiaadohacaGGPaGaeyOeI0Iaam4DamaaBaaaleaacaWGQbaabeaakiaacIcacaWG0bGaaiykaiaacYhadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccqGH8aapdaWcaaqaaiabew7aLnaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaaaOqaaiaaisdacaWGRbaaaaaa@635E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Mit <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>&#x03B4;</mi><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mi>min</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><msub>
    <mi>&#x03B4;</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>&#x03B4;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqiTdqMaeyypa0JaciyBaiaacMgacaGGUbGaai4Eaiabes7aKnaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaakiaacYcacqWIMaYscaGGSaGaeqiTdq2aaSbaaSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaOGaaiyFaaaa@454C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> hat man daher für <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>s</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4CaiaacYcacaWG0bGaeyicI4Saai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@3E4E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> mit <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>&#x03B4;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaadohacqGHsislcaWG0bGaaiiFaiabgYda8iabes7aKbaa@3D73@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>=</mo><msqrt>
    <mrow>
     <munderover>
      <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
      <mrow>
       <mi>j</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
      </mrow>
      <mi>k</mi>
     </munderover>
     <mrow>
      <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msub>
       <mi>w</mi>
       <mi>j</mi>
      </msub>
      <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
       <mi>w</mi>
       <mi>j</mi>
      </msub>
      <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><msup>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
       <mn>2</mn>
      </msup>
      
     </mrow>
     
    </mrow>
   </msqrt>
   <mo>&#x003C;</mo><msqrt>
    <mrow>
     <mi>k</mi><mfrac>
      <mrow>
       <msup>
        <mi>&#x03B5;</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       
      </mrow>
      <mrow>
       <mn>4</mn><mi>k</mi>
      </mrow>
     </mfrac>
     
    </mrow>
   </msqrt>
   <mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>&#x03B5;</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaadEhacaGGOaGaam4CaiaacMcacqGHsislcaWG3bGaaiikaiaadshacaGGPaGaaiiFaiabg2da9maakaaabaWaaabCaeaacaGG8bGaam4DamaaBaaaleaacaWGQbaabeaakiaacIcacaWGZbGaaiykaiabgkHiTiaadEhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOAaaqabaGccaGGOaGaamiDaiaacMcacaGG8bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaqaaiaadQgacqGH9aqpcaaIXaaabaGaam4AaaqdcqGHris5aaWcbeaakiabgYda8maakaaabaGaam4AamaalaaabaGaeqyTdu2aaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaGcbaGaaGinaiaadUgaaaaaleqaaOGaeyypa0ZaaSaaaeaacqaH1oqzaeaacaaIYaaaaaaa@5D1B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math><span class="num" style="margin-left:50px"><a name="a1">[1]</a></span>
</div>
<p>Sei jetzt <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>Z</mi><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOwaiabg2da9iaacIcacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaaiilaiablAciljaacYcacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaaaa@3FB7@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> eine beliebige Zerlegung mit einer Feinheit kleiner als <i>&#x03B4;</i>. Für ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiabgIGiolaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbaaaa@3CA6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, etwa <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiabgIGiolaacUfacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgacqGHsislcaaIXaaabeaakiaacYcacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaaiyxaaaa@40BB@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, ist dann</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>&#x03B4;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaadshacqGHsislcaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgacqGHsislcaaIXaaabeaakiaacYhacqGH8aapcqaH0oazaaa@4040@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> &#160;und&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>&#x03B4;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaadshadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaaqabaGccqGHsislcaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgacqGHsislcaaIXaaabeaakiaacYhacqGH8aapcqaH0oazaaa@4164@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.
</div>
<p>Über die Darstellung <a class="ref" href="#11">[8.6.11]</a> und die Abschätzung <a class="ref" href="#a1">[1]</a> erhalten wir mit der Dreiecksungleichung nun</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left' columnspacing='0'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
        <mi>p</mi>
        <mi>Z</mi>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>&#x2264;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
        <mi>p</mi>
        <mi>Z</mi>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>+</mo><munder>
        <munder>
         <mrow>
          <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mfrac>
           <mrow>
            <mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
             <mi>t</mi>
             <mrow>
              <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
             </mrow>
            </msub>
            
           </mrow>
           <mrow>
            <msub>
             <mi>t</mi>
             <mi>i</mi>
            </msub>
            <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
             <mi>t</mi>
             <mrow>
              <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
             </mrow>
            </msub>
            
           </mrow>
          </mfrac>
          <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
         </mrow>
         <mo stretchy='true'>&#xFE38;</mo>
        </munder>
        <mrow>
         <mo>&#x2264;</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
       </munder>
       <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mi>i</mi>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>&#x003C;</mo><mfrac>
        <mi>&#x03B5;</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </mfrac>
       <mo>+</mo><mfrac>
        <mi>&#x03B5;</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </mfrac>
       <mo>=</mo><mi>&#x03B5;</mi>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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aiabgwSixlaacYhacaWG3bGaaiikaiaadshadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaaqabaGccaGGPaGaeyOeI0Iaam4DaiaacIcacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgacqGHsislcaaIXaaabeaakiaacMcacaGG8baabaaabaGaeyipaWZaaSaaaeaacqaH1oqzaeaacaaIYaaaaiabgUcaRmaalaaabaGaeqyTdugabaGaaGOmaaaacqGH9aqpcqaH1oqzaaaaaa@9757@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
</td></tr></table>

<p>Die Länge <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>p</mi>
    <mi>Z</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamitaiaacIcacaWGWbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadQfaaeqaaOGaaiykaaaa@3A20@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> eines solchen Polygonzugs ermitteln wir elementar, indem wir die Längen der Verbindungstrecken aufsummieren. Wir setzen also</p>
<table style="margin-left:-12px"><tr><td class="def">
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>p</mi>
    <mi>Z</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
    <mrow>
     <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
     <mi>t</mi>
     <mi>i</mi>
    </msub>
    <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
     <mi>t</mi>
     <mrow>
      <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
     </mrow>
    </msub>
    <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
   </mrow>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamitaiaacIcacaWGWbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadQfaaeqaaOGaaiykaiabg2da9maaqahabaGaaiiFaiaadEhacaGGOaGaamiDamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaakiaacMcacqGHsislcaWG3bGaaiikaiaadshadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaeqaaOGaaiykaiaacYhaaSqaaiaadMgacqGH9aqpcaaIXaaabaGaamOBaaqdcqGHris5aaaa@4E83@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
</td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="13">[8.6.13]</a></span></td></tr></table>
<p><img src="kartesisch.gif" style="margin-left:5px; margin-bottom:-10pt; margin-top:-12px; margin-right:0pt; float:right; width:296px; height:187px"/>Da die Verbindungsstrecke der kürzeste Weg von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacIcacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgacqGHsislcaaIXaaabeaakiaacMcaaaa@3C06@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> nach <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacIcacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaaiykaaaa@3A5E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist, erwarten wir, dass die Länge von <i>w</i> für jede Zerlegung <i>Z</i> oberhalb von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>p</mi>
    <mi>Z</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamitaiaacIcacaWGWbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadQfaaeqaaOGaaiykaaaa@3A20@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> liegt. Wegen <a class="ref" href="#12">[8.6.12]</a> ist daher das <span class="inf" style="white-space:normal" onmouseover="if(active2==0){position('tip2','tab2',event.clientX,event.clientY); document.getElementById('tip2').className='tooltip_v'; if(!b)document.getElementById('tip2').className='tooltip_v_noopac'};active2=1">
Supremum<img class="inf" style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px" src="../info.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span>
<span id="tip2" class="tooltip_h" style="white-space:normal">
<table id="tab2" border="0" style="width:295px" ><tr><td onmousedown="x0=event.clientX;y0=event.clientY;fix('tip2')" onmouseup="drag=0" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color:blue; font-family:monospace"><p style="cursor: move; color:blue; margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:0px; size:12pt; font-weight:bold">&#160;i</p><span style="float: right; margin-top:-15px"><img title="opacity on/off" style="margin-right:10px" onclick="opac_change();" src="../opacity-off.gif" width="10" height="10"/><img onclick="active2=0;document.getElementById('tip2').className='tooltip_h'" src="../close.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<!--################### tip2 #######################-->
<p style="white-space:normal">Es sei an das Vollständigkeitsaxiom erinnert:<br/>Jede nicht-leere, beschränkte Teilmenge <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>M</mi><mo>&#x2282;</mo><mi>&#x211D;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamytaiabgkOimlabl2riHcaa@3A2A@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> besitzt in <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHekaaa@375C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> eine kleinste obere Schranke, ihr <i>Supremum</i> (in Zeichen <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>sup</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>M</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4CaiaacwhacaGGWbGaamytaaaa@39A4@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>).</p><p>Eine obere Schranke <i>s</i> von <i>M</i> ist genau dann gleich <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>sup</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>M</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4CaiaacwhacaGGWbGaamytaaaa@39A4@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, wenn für jedes <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>&#x03B5;</mi><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyTduMaeyOpa4JaaGimaaaa@3955@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> die Zahl <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>s</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x03B5;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4CaiabgkHiTiabew7aLbaa@3978@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> keine obere Schranke von <i>M</i> ist.</p>
<!--################### end tip2 #######################-->
</td></tr></table>
</span> der Menge <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>p</mi>
    <mi>Z</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>Z</mi><mtext>&#160; ist Zerlegung von &#160;</mtext><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaadYeacaGGOaGaamiCamaaBaaaleaacaWGAbaabeaakiaacMcacaGG8bGaamOwaiaabMgacaqGZbGaaeiDaiaabccacaqGAbGaaeyzaiaabkhacaqGSbGaaeyzaiaabEgacaqG1bGaaeOBaiaabEgacaqGGaGaaeODaiaab+gacaqGUbGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2facaGG9baaaa@5185@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ein guter Kandidat für die zu definierende Weglänge.</p>
<p>Die nebenstehende Abbildung zeigt einen Auschnitt eines <i>Kartesischen Blatts</i> von <a href="http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Descartes.html" target="_blank">René Descartes</a>, nämlich den Weg&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>t</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <mn>12</mn><mi>t</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><msup>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mn>3</mn>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>,</mo><mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <mn>12</mn><msup>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><msup>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mn>3</mn>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mtext>&#x2009;</mtext><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2009;&#x2009;</mtext><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>0.4,10</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiablAAiHjaacIcadaWcaaqaaiaaigdacaaIYaGaamiDaaqaaiaaigdacqGHRaWkcaWG0bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIZaaaaaaakiaacYcadaWcaaqaaiaaigdacaaIYaGaamiDamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaaaOqaaiaaigdacqGHRaWkcaWG0bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIZaaaaaaakiaacMcacaaMc8UaaiilaiaaywW7caWG0bGaeyicI4Saai4waiabgkHiTiaaicdacaGGUaGaaGinaiaacYcacaaIXaGaaGimaiaac2faaaa@54F0@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Für ein dreidimensionales Beispiel kommen wir auf die <span class="inf" style="white-space:normal" onmouseover="if(active5==0){position('tip5','tab5',event.clientX,event.clientY); document.getElementById('tip5').className='tooltip_v'; if(!b)document.getElementById('tip5').className='tooltip_v_noopac'};active5=1">
Spirale<img class="inf" style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px" src="../info.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span>
<span id="tip5" class="tooltip_h">
<table id="tab5" border="0" style="width:400px" ><tr><td colspan="2" onmousedown="x0=event.clientX;y0=event.clientY;fix('tip5')" onmouseup="drag=0" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color:blue; font-family:monospace"><p style="cursor: move; color:blue; margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:0px; size:12pt; font-weight:bold">&#160;i</p><span style="float: right; margin-top:-15px"><img title="opacity on/off" style="margin-right:10px" onclick="opac_change();" src="../opacity-off.gif" width="10" height="10"/><img onclick="active5=0;document.getElementById('tip5').className='tooltip_h'" src="../close.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size:8pt; color:#404040; font-family:Verdana"><i>Linke Maustaste</i>: Rotieren</td><td style="font-size:8pt; color:#404040; text-align:right; font-family:Verdana"><i>Rechte Maustaste</i>: Kontextmenü</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2">
<p style="white-space:normal"><applet style="border:0" code="javaview.class" archive="../jars/javaview.jar" width="400" height="400">
	<param name="Model" value="spiralepolygon2.jvx"/>
	<param name="Control" value="Hide"/>
	<param name="border" value="Hide"/>
	<param name="boundingBox" value="hide"/>
	<param name="depthcue" value="Show"/>
	<param name="axes" value="Show"/>
	<param name="frame" value="hide"/>
	<param name="background" value="0 0 0"/>
</applet></p>
<div style="margin-top:-10pt"><i>Spirale</i><br/><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>t</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo rspace='0.05em' lspace='0.05em'>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo rspace='0.05em' lspace='0.05em'>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0,20</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiablAAiHjaacIcacaWG0bGaeyyXICTaci4yaiaac+gacaGGZbGaamiDaiaacYcacaWG0bGaeyyXICTaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaamiDaiaacYcacaWG0bGaaiykaiaacYcacaaMf8UaamiDaiabgIGiolaacUfacaaIWaGaaiilaiaaikdacaaIWaGaaiyxaaaa@53CE@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
<!--<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mstyle scriptlevel='1'>
    <mfrac>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mrow>
      <mn>16</mn>
     </mrow>
    </mfrac>
   </mstyle>
   <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mstyle scriptlevel='1'>
    <mfrac>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mn>2</mn>
    </mfrac>
   </mstyle>
   <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mstyle scriptlevel='1'>
    <mfrac>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mrow>
      <mn>10</mn>
     </mrow>
    </mfrac>
   </mstyle>
   <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0,10</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiablAAiHjaacIcadaWcbaWcbaGaaGymaaqaaiaaigdacaaI2aaaaOGaeyyXICTaamiEaiabgwSixlGacogacaGGVbGaai4CaiaadIhacaGGSaWaaSqaaSqaaiaaigdaaeaacaaIYaaaaOGaeyyXICTaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaamiEaiaacYcadaWcbaWcbaGaaGymaaqaaiaaigdacaaIWaaaaOGaeyyXICTaamiEaiaacMcacaGGSaGaaGzbVlaadIhacqGHiiIZcaGGBbGaaGimaiaacYcacaaIXaGaaGimaiaac2faaaa@5DCF@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>--></div>
<p style="text-align:right; font-size:8pt; color:#404040; font-family:Verdana; margin-top:5pt">Display by <a href="http://www.javaview.de/" target="_blank">JavaView</a></p>
</td></tr></table>
</span> aus dem Eingangsbeispiel zurück.</p>

<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Definition:</b></u> &#160;Ein stetiger Weg <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacQdacaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaiabgkziUkabl2riHoaaCaaaleqabaGaam4Aaaaaaaa@405D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> heißt <u>rektifizierbar</u> oder <u>von endlicher Länge</u>, falls die Menge <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>p</mi>
    <mi>Z</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>Z</mi><mtext>&#160; ist Zerlegung von &#160;</mtext><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaadYeacaGGOaGaamiCamaaBaaaleaacaWGAbaabeaakiaacMcacaGG8bGaamOwaiaabMgacaqGZbGaaeiDaiaabccacaqGAbGaaeyzaiaabkhacaqGSbGaaeyzaiaabEgacaqG1bGaaeOBaiaabEgacaqGGaGaaeODaiaab+gacaqGUbGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2facaGG9baaaa@5185@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> beschränkt ist. In diesem Fall nennen wir die Zahl</p>

<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mi>sup</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>p</mi>
    <mi>Z</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>Z</mi><mtext>&#160; ist Zerlegung von &#160;</mtext><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
   </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamitaiaacIcacaWG3bGaaiykaiabg2da9iGacohacaGG1bGaaiiCaiaacUhacaWGmbGaaiikaiaadchadaWgaaWcbaGaamOwaaqabaGccaGGPaGaaiiFaiaadQfacaqGPbGaae4CaiaabshacaqGGaGaaeOwaiaabwgacaqGYbGaaeiBaiaabwgacaqGNbGaaeyDaiaab6gacaqGNbGaaeiiaiaabAhacaqGVbGaaeOBaiaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbGaaiyFaaaa@5897@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> 
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="14">[8.6.14]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<p>die <u>Länge</u> von <i>w</i>.</p>
</td></tr></table>

<p>Interessanterweise sind glatte Wege stets rektifizierbar, wobei sich alle Längen <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>p</mi>
    <mi>Z</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamitaiaacIcacaWGWbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadQfaaeqaaOGaaiykaaaa@3A20@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> durch das Integral über die Länge der Ableitung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <msup>
   <mi>w</mi>
   <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
  </msup>
  
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabm4Dayaafaaaaa@36F4@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> abschätzen lassen. Allerdings gibt es auch nicht glatte Wege, die eine endliche Länge besitzen, wie etwa das Beispiel&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;</mtext><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1,</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacQdacaWG0bGaeSOPHeMaaiikaiaadshacaGGSaGaaiiFaiaadshacaGG8bGaaiykaiaacYcacaaMe8UaaGjbVlaadshacqGHiiIZcaGGBbGaeyOeI0IaaGymaiaacYcacqGHsislcaaIXaGaaiyxaaaa@4C5A@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math><span class="inf" style="white-space:normal" onmouseover="if(active8==0){position('tip8','tab8',event.clientX,event.clientY); document.getElementById('tip8').className='tooltip_v'; if(!b)document.getElementById('tip8').className='tooltip_v_noopac'};active8=1">
<img class="inf" style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px" src="../info.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span>
<span id="tip8" class="tooltip_h">
<!--############################### tip 8 ########################-->
<table id="tab8" border="0" style="width:480px" ><tr><td onmousedown="x0=event.clientX;y0=event.clientY;fix('tip8')" onmouseup="drag=0" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color:blue; font-family:monospace"><p style="cursor: move; color:blue; margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:0px; size:12pt; font-weight:bold">&#160;i</p><span style="float: right; margin-top:-15px"><img title="opacity on/off" style="margin-right:10px" onclick="opac_change();" src="../opacity-off.gif" width="10" height="10"/><img onclick="active8=0;document.getElementById('tip8').className='tooltip_h'" src="../close.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span></td></tr>
<tr><td><div style="overflow-y:auto; overflow-x:hidden; height:450px; text-align:justify">
<p style="white-space:normal">Ist <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>Z</mi><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOwaiabg2da9iaacIcacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaaiilaiablAciljaacYcacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaaaa@3FB7@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> eine Zerlegung von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1,1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiabgkHiTiaaigdacaGGSaGaaGymaiaac2faaaa@3ABF@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so gibt es ein <i>k</i>, so dass <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2264;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#x003C;</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDamaaBaaaleaacaWGRbaabeaakiabgsMiJkaaicdacqGH8aapcaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadUgacqGHRaWkcaaIXaaabeaaaaa@3F30@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Man weiß daher:</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msub>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mi>i</mi>
     </msub>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msub>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mrow>
       <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
      </mrow>
     </msub>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>=</mo><mrow><mo>{</mo> <mrow>
    <mtable columnalign='left'>
     <mtr columnalign='left'>
      <mtd columnalign='left'>
       <mrow>
        <msup>
         <mrow>
          <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
           <mi>t</mi>
           <mi>i</mi>
          </msub>
          <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
           <mi>t</mi>
           <mrow>
            <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
           </mrow>
          </msub>
          <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
         </mrow>
         <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        <mtext>,&#160; falls &#160;</mtext><mi>i</mi><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
       </mrow>
      </mtd>
     </mtr>
     <mtr columnalign='left'>
      <mtd columnalign='left'>
       <mrow>
        <msup>
         <mrow>
          <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
           <mi>t</mi>
           <mi>i</mi>
          </msub>
          <mo>+</mo><msub>
           <mi>t</mi>
           <mrow>
            <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
           </mrow>
          </msub>
          <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
         </mrow>
         <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        <mtext>,&#160; falls &#160;</mtext><mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mi>k</mi>
       </mrow>
      </mtd>
     </mtr>
     
    </mtable>
   </mrow> </mrow>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@6B01@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>also <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msub>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mi>i</mi>
     </msub>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msub>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mrow>
       <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
      </mrow>
     </msub>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>=</mo><msup>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mi>i</mi>
     </msub>
     <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mrow>
       <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
      </mrow>
     </msub>
     <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaacYhacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaaiiFaiabgkHiTiaacYhacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgacqGHsislcaaIXaaabeaakiaacYhacaGGPaWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaeyypa0JaaiikaiaadshadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaaqabaGccqGHsislcaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgacqGHsislcaaIXaaabeaakiaacMcadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaaaa@4D1E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, und damit</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>=</mo><msqrt>
    <mrow>
     <msup>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mi>i</mi>
       </msub>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     <mo>+</mo><msup>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mi>i</mi>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
   </msqrt>
   <mo>=</mo><msqrt>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msqrt>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@65A2@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>für alle <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2260;</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyAaiabgcMi5kaadUgacqGHRaWkcaaIXaaaaa@3B2E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Mit</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>=</mo><msqrt>
        <mrow>
         <msubsup>
          <mi>t</mi>
          <mrow>
           <mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
          </mrow><mrow><mspace width='1.5em'/>
          <mn>2</mn></mrow>
         </msubsup>
         <mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msub>
          <mi>t</mi>
          <mrow>
           <mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
          </mrow>
         </msub>
         <msup>
          <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.1em'>&#x007C;</mo>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         
        </mrow>
       </msqrt>
       <mo>=</mo><msqrt>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msqrt>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>=</mo><msqrt>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msqrt>
       <mtext>&#x2009;</mtext><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
       </msub>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mi>k</mi>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>=</mo><msqrt>
        <mrow>
         <msubsup>
          <mi>t</mi>
          <mi>k</mi><mrow><mspace width='0.4em'/>
          <mn>2</mn></mrow>
         </msubsup>
         <mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msub>
          <mi>t</mi>
          <mi>k</mi>
         </msub>
         <msup>
          <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.1em'>&#x007C;</mo>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         
        </mrow>
       </msqrt>
       <mo>=</mo><msqrt>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msqrt>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mi>k</mi>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msqrt>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msqrt>
       <mtext>&#x2009;</mtext><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mi>k</mi>
       </msub>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@7EC6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>können wir <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>p</mi>
    <mi>Z</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamitaiaacIcacaWGWbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadQfaaeqaaOGaaiykaaaa@3A20@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> nun folgendermaßen abschätzen:</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
        <mi>p</mi>
        <mi>Z</mi>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>=</mo><munderover>
        <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
        <mrow>
         <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
        <mi>n</mi>
       </munderover>
       <mrow>
        <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
         <mi>t</mi>
         <mi>i</mi>
        </msub>
        <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
         <mi>t</mi>
         <mrow>
          <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
         </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
       </mrow>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>&#x2264;</mo><munderover>
        <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
        <mrow>
         <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
        <mi>k</mi>
       </munderover>
       <mrow>
        <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
         <mi>t</mi>
         <mi>i</mi>
        </msub>
        <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
         <mi>t</mi>
         <mrow>
          <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
         </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
       </mrow>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mi>k</mi>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>+</mo><munderover>
        <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
        <mrow>
         <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn>
        </mrow>
        <mi>n</mi>
       </munderover>
       <mrow>
        <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
         <mi>t</mi>
         <mi>i</mi>
        </msub>
        <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
         <mi>t</mi>
         <mrow>
          <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
         </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
       </mrow>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>=</mo><msqrt>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msqrt>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><munderover>
        <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
        <mrow>
         <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
        <mi>k</mi>
       </munderover>
       <mrow>
        <msub>
         <mi>t</mi>
         <mi>i</mi>
        </msub>
        <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
         <mi>t</mi>
         <mrow>
          <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
         </mrow>
        </msub>
        
       </mrow>
       <mo>+</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
       </msub>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mi>k</mi>
       </msub>
       <mo>+</mo><munderover>
        <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
        <mrow>
         <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn>
        </mrow>
        <mi>n</mi>
       </munderover>
       <mrow>
        <msub>
         <mi>t</mi>
         <mi>i</mi>
        </msub>
        <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
         <mi>t</mi>
         <mrow>
          <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
         </mrow>
        </msub>
        
       </mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>=</mo><msqrt>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msqrt>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mi>n</mi>
       </msub>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mn>0</mn>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><msqrt>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msqrt>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@C3DB@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div></div>
</td></tr></table>
<!--############################ end tip 8 ##############################-->
</span>&#160; zeigt.</p>

<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Bemerkung:</b></u> &#160;Ist <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacQdacaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaiabgkziUkabl2riHoaaCaaaleqabaGaam4Aaaaaaaa@405D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ein glatter Weg, so gilt für jede Zerlegung <i>Z</i> von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@3A29@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>:</p>
<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>p</mi>
    <mi>Z</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>&#x2264;</mo><mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>b</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
     <mi>w</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    </msup>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  
 </mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamitaiaacIcacaWGWbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadQfaaeqaaOGaaiykaiabgsMiJoaapehabaGaaiiFaiqadEhagaqbaiaacYhaaSqaaiaadggaaeaacaWGIbaaniabgUIiYdaaaa@4313@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> 
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="15">[8.6.15]</a></span></td></tr></table>
<p><i>w</i> ist damit rektifizierbar.</p>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;Mit der Darstellung <a class="ref" href="#6">[8.6.6]</a>, der Abschätzung <a class="ref" href="#10">[8.6.10]</a> und der Zerlegungseigenschaft <a class="ref" href="#7">[8.6.7]</a> erhalten wir für eine beliebige Zerlegung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>Z</mi><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOwaiabg2da9iaacIcacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaaiilaiablAciljaacYcacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaaaa@3FB7@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>:</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>p</mi>
    <mi>Z</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
    <mrow>
     <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
     <mi>t</mi>
     <mi>i</mi>
    </msub>
    <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
     <mi>t</mi>
     <mrow>
      <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
     </mrow>
    </msub>
    <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
   </mrow>
   <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>=</mo><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
    <mrow>
     <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mrow><munderover>
     <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
     <mrow>
      <msub>
       <mi>t</mi>
       <mrow>
        <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
       </mrow>
      </msub>
      
     </mrow>
     <mrow>
      <msub>
       <mi>t</mi>
       <mi>i</mi>
      </msub>
      
     </mrow>
    </munderover>
    <msup>
     <mi>w</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    </msup>
    
   </mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
  </mrow>
  <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>&#x2264;</mo><munderover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
   <mrow>
    <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
   </mrow>
   <mi>n</mi>
  </munderover>
  <mrow>
   <mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mrow>
     <msub>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mrow>
       <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
      </mrow>
     </msub>
     
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <msub>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mi>i</mi>
     </msub>
     
    </mrow>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
     <mi>w</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    </msup>
    
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
 </mrow>
 <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mrow><munderover>
  <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
  <mi>a</mi>
  <mi>b</mi>
 </munderover>
 <mrow>
  <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
   <mi>w</mi>
   <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
  </msup>
  
 </mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@7C1E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.
</div>
</td></tr></table>

<p><a class="ref" href="#15">[8.6.15]</a> läßt sich deutlich verschärfen: Das Integral über <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiqadEhagaqbaiaacYhaaaa@38F4@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist nicht nur irgendeine obere Schranke der Menge <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>p</mi>
    <mi>Z</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>Z</mi><mtext>&#160; ist Zerlegung von &#160;</mtext><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='-0.3em'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaadYeacaGGOaGaamiCamaaBaaaleaacaWGAbaabeaakiaacMcacaGG8bGaamOwaiaabMgacaqGZbGaaeiDaiaabccacaqGAbGaaeyzaiaabkhacaqGSbGaaeyzaiaabEgacaqG1bGaaeOBaiaabEgacaqGGaGaaeODaiaab+gacaqGUbGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2facaGG9baaaa@5185@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, sondern ihre kleinste und damit ihr Supremum.</p>

<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Bemerkung:</b></u> &#160;Für jeden glatten Weg <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacQdacaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaiabgkziUkabl2riHoaaCaaaleqabaGaam4Aaaaaaaa@405D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> gilt:</p>

<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>b</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
     <mi>w</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    </msup>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  
 </mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamitaiaacIcacaWG3bGaaiykaiabg2da9maapehabaGaaiiFaiqadEhagaqbaiaacYhaaSqaaiaadggaaeaacaWGIbaaniabgUIiYdaaaa@4156@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> 
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="16">[8.6.16]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;Nach <a class="ref" href="#15">[8.6.15]</a> ist <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>b</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
     <mi>w</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    </msup>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  
 </mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaa8qCaeaacaGG8bGabm4DayaafaGaaiiFaaWcbaGaamyyaaqaaiaadkgaa0Gaey4kIipaaaa@3D2A@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> eine obere Schranke von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>p</mi>
    <mi>Z</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>Z</mi><mtext>&#160; ist Zerlegung von &#160;</mtext><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaadYeacaGGOaGaamiCamaaBaaaleaacaWGAbaabeaakiaacMcacaGG8bGaamOwaiaabMgacaqGZbGaaeiDaiaabccacaqGAbGaaeyzaiaabkhacaqGSbGaaeyzaiaabEgacaqG1bGaaeOBaiaabEgacaqGGaGaaeODaiaab+gacaqGUbGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2facaGG9baaaa@5185@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Es reicht daher, zu jedem <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>&#x03B5;</mi><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyTduMaeyOpa4JaaGimaaaa@3955@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> eine Zerlegung <i>Z</i> zu finden, so dass</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>b</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
     <mi>w</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    </msup>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  <mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x03B5;</mi><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
   <mi>p</mi>
   <mi>Z</mi>
  </msub>
  <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
 </mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaa8qCaeaacaGG8bGabm4DayaafaGaaiiFaaWcbaGaamyyaaqaaiaadkgaa0Gaey4kIipakiabgkHiTiabew7aLjabgsMiJkaadYeacaGGOaGaamiCamaaBaaaleaacaWGAbaabeaakiaacMcaaaa@45B1@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.
</div>
<p>Da die Koordinatenfunktionen <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup><mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>w</mi><mrow><mspace width='-0.5em'/>
     <mi>j</mi></mrow>
    </msub></mrow>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabm4DayaafaWaaSbaaSqaaiaadQgaaeqaaaaa@380F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> stetig differenzierbar sind, sind die Funktionen <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup><mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>w</mi><mrow><mspace width='-0.5em'/>
     <mi>j</mi></mrow>
    </msub></mrow>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    
   </msup>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiqadEhagaqbamaaBaaaleaacaWGQbaabeaakiaacMcadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaaaa@3A5B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> stetig, auf dem geschlossenen Intervall <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@3A29@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> also auch gleichmäßig stetig. Zu <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mpadded height='0.55em'><mi>&#x03B5;</mi></mpadded>
    <mo mathvariant='italic'>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </mover>
   <mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <msup>
      <mi>&#x03B5;</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mi>k</mi><msup>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGafqyTduMbaebacqGH9aqpdaWcaaqaaiabew7aLnaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaaaOqaaiaadUgacaGGOaGaamOyaiabgkHiTiaadggacaGGPaWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaaakiabg6da+iaaicdaaaa@4313@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>&#160;  gibt es daher ein <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mi>&#x03B4;</mi>
    <mi>j</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqiTdq2aaSbaaSqaaiaadQgaaeqaaOGaeyOpa4JaaGimaaaa@3A78@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> so dass für alle <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>s</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4CaiaacYcacaWG0bGaeyicI4Saai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@3E4E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> gilt</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left' columnspacing='0'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><msub>
        <mi>&#x03B4;</mi>
        <mi>j</mi>
       </msub>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mo>&#x21D2;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><msup>
        <mrow>
         <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup><mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>w</mi><mrow><mspace width='-0.5em'/>
     <mi>j</mi></mrow>
    </msub></mrow>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    
   </msup>
         <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
        </mrow>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup>
        <mrow>
         <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup><mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>w</mi><mrow><mspace width='-0.5em'/>
     <mi>j</mi></mrow>
    </msub></mrow>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    
   </msup>
         <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
        </mrow>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>&#x2264;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
        <mrow>
         <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup><mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>w</mi><mrow><mspace width='-0.5em'/>
     <mi>j</mi></mrow>
    </msub></mrow>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    
   </msup>
         <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
        </mrow>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup>
        <mrow>
         <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup><mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>w</mi><mrow><mspace width='-0.5em'/>
     <mi>j</mi></mrow>
    </msub></mrow>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    
   </msup>
         <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
        </mrow>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mover accent='true'>
        <mpadded height='0.55em'><mi>&#x03B5;</mi></mpadded>
        <mo mathvariant='italic'>&#x00AF;</mo>
       </mover>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mo>&#x21D2;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><msup>
        <mrow>
         <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup><mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>w</mi><mrow><mspace width='-0.5em'/>
     <mi>j</mi></mrow>
    </msub></mrow>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    
   </msup>
         <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
        </mrow>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>&#x003C;</mo><msup>
        <mrow>
         <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup><mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>w</mi><mrow><mspace width='-0.5em'/>
     <mi>j</mi></mrow>
    </msub></mrow>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    
   </msup>
         <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
        </mrow>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>+</mo><mover accent='true'>
       <mpadded height='0.55em'><mi>&#x03B5;</mi></mpadded>
       <mo mathvariant='italic'>&#x00AF;</mo>
       </mover>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@7E4F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math><span class="num" style="margin-left:50px"><a name="a2">[2]</a></span>
</div>
<p>Man wähle jetzt eine Zerlegung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>Z</mi><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mn>0</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOwaiabg2da9iaacIcacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaaiilaiablAciljaacYcacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaaaa@3FB7@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, deren Feinheit kleiner als <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>&#x03B4;</mi><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mi>min</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><msub>
    <mi>&#x03B4;</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>&#x03B4;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqiTdqMaeyypa0JaciyBaiaacMgacaGGUbGaai4Eaiabes7aKnaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaakiaacYcacqWIMaYscaGGSaGaeqiTdq2aaSbaaSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaOGaaiyFaaaa@454C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist. Dann gibt es nach <a class="ref" href="8_2.xml#8" target="_blank">[8.2.8]</a> bzw. <a class="ref" href="#5">[8.6.5]</a> Zahlen</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mover accent='true'>
     <mi>y</mi>
     <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
    </mover>
    
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em' lspace='0.1em'>[</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmyEayaaiaWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaeyicI4SaaiyxaiaadshadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaeqaaOGaaiilaiaadshadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaaqabaGccaGGBbaaaa@41F3@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> &#160;so dass&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>b</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
     <mi>w</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    </msup>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  <mo>=</mo><munderover>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
   <mrow>
    <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
   </mrow>
   <mi>n</mi>
  </munderover>
  <mrow>
   <mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mrow>
     <msub>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mrow>
       <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
      </mrow>
     </msub>
     
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <msub>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mi>i</mi>
     </msub>
     
    </mrow>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
     <mi>w</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    </msup>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  
 </mrow>
 <mo>=</mo><munderover>
  <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
  <mrow>
   <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
  <mi>n</mi>
 </munderover>
 <mrow>
  <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
   <mi>t</mi>
   <mi>i</mi>
  </msub>
  <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
   <mi>t</mi>
   <mrow>
    <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
   </mrow>
  </msub>
  <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
   <mi>w</mi>
   <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
  </msup>
  <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
   <mover accent='true'>
    <mi>y</mi>
    <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
   </mover>
   
   <mi>i</mi>
  </msub>
  <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
 </mrow>
 
</mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@6762@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math><span class="num" style="margin-left:50px"><a name="a3">[3]</a></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mover accent='true'>
     <mi>x</mi>
     <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
    </mover>
    
    <mrow>
     <mn>1,</mn><mi>i</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mover accent='true'>
     <mi>x</mi>
     <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
    </mover>
    
    <mrow>
     <mi>k</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em' lspace='0.1em'>[</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiEayaaiaWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdacaGGSaGaamyAaaqabaGccaGGSaGaeSOjGSKaaiilaiqadIhagaacamaaBaaaleaacaWGRbGaaiilaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaeyicI4SaaiyxaiaadshadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaeqaaOGaaiilaiaadshadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaaqabaGccaGGBbaaaa@49AF@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> &#160;so dass&#160;</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left' columnspacing='0'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
        <mi>p</mi>
        <mi>Z</mi>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><munderover>
        <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
        <mrow>
         <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
        <mi>n</mi>
       </munderover>
       <mrow>
        <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
         <mi>t</mi>
         <mi>i</mi>
        </msub>
        <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
         <mi>t</mi>
         <mrow>
          <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
         </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
       </mrow>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>=</mo><munderover>
        <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
        <mrow>
         <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
        <mi>n</mi>
       </munderover>
       <mrow>
        <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
         <mi>t</mi>
         <mi>i</mi>
        </msub>
        <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
         <mi>t</mi>
         <mrow>
          <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
         </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup><mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>w</mi><mrow><mspace width='-0.5em'/>
     <mn>1</mn></mrow>
    </msub></mrow>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    
   </msup>
        <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
         <mover accent='true'>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
         </mover>
         
         <mrow>
          <mn>1,</mn><mi>i</mi>
         </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msup><mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>w</mi><mrow><mspace width='-0.5em'/>
     <mi>k</mi></mrow>
    </msub></mrow>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    
   </msup>
        <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
         <mover accent='true'>
          <mi>x</mi>
          <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
         </mover>
         
         <mrow>
          <mi>k</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi>
         </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
       </mrow>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>=</mo><munderover>
        <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
        <mrow>
         <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
        <mi>n</mi>
       </munderover>
       <mrow>
        <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
         <mi>t</mi>
         <mi>i</mi>
        </msub>
        <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
         <mi>t</mi>
         <mrow>
          <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
         </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><msqrt>
         <mrow>
          <munderover>
           <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
           <mrow>
            <mi>j</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
           </mrow>
           <mi>k</mi>
          </munderover>
          <mrow>
           <msup>
            <mrow>
             <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msup><mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>w</mi><mrow><mspace width='-0.5em'/>
     <mi>j</mi></mrow>
    </msub></mrow>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    
   </msup>
             <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
              <mover accent='true'>
               <mi>x</mi>
               <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
              </mover>
              
              <mrow>
               <mi>j</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi>
              </mrow>
             </msub>
             <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
            </mrow>
            <mn>2</mn>
           </msup>
           
          </mrow>
          
         </mrow>
        </msqrt>
        
       </mrow>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@9158@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math><span class="num" style="margin-left:50px"><a name="a4">[4]</a></span>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Da&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msub>
    <mover accent='true'>
     <mi>y</mi>
     <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
    </mover>
    
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mover accent='true'>
     <mi>x</mi>
     <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
    </mover>
    
    <mrow>
     <mn>1,</mn><mi>i</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mover accent='true'>
     <mi>x</mi>
     <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
    </mover>
    
    <mrow>
     <mi>k</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em' lspace='0.1em'>[</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmyEayaaiaWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaaiilaiqadIhagaacamaaBaaaleaacaaIXaGaaiilaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaaiilaiablAciljaacYcaceWG4bGbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaiaacYcacaWGPbaabeaakiabgIGiolaac2facaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgacqGHsislcaaIXaaabeaakiaacYcacaWG0bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaai4waaaa@4C90@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> hat man für alle <i>i</i></p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msub>
    <mover accent='true'>
     <mi>y</mi>
     <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
    </mover>
    
    <mi>i</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
    <mover accent='true'>
     <mi>x</mi>
     <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
    </mover>
    
    <mrow>
     <mi>j</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>&#x003C;</mo><mi>&#x03B4;</mi><mo>&#x2264;</mo><msub>
    <mi>&#x03B4;</mi>
    <mi>j</mi>
   </msub>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiqadMhagaacamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaakiabgkHiTiqadIhagaacamaaBaaaleaacaWGQbGaaiilaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaaiiFaiabgYda8iabes7aKjabgsMiJkabes7aKnaaBaaaleaacaWGQbaabeaaaaa@45F7@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.
</div>
<p>Mit <a class="ref" href="#a2">[2]</a> weiß man daher <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup><mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>w</mi><mrow><mspace width='-0.5em'/>
     <mi>j</mi></mrow>
    </msub></mrow>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    
   </msup>
     <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
      <mover accent='true'>
       <mi>y</mi>
       <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
      </mover>
      
      <mi>i</mi>
     </msub>
     <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x003C;</mo><msup>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup><mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>w</mi><mrow><mspace width='-0.5em'/>
     <mi>j</mi></mrow>
    </msub></mrow>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    
   </msup>
     <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
      <mover accent='true'>
       <mi>x</mi>
       <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
      </mover>
      
      <mrow>
       <mi>j</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi>
      </mrow>
     </msub>
     <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><mover accent='true'>
    <mpadded height='0.55em'><mi>&#x03B5;</mi></mpadded>
    <mo mathvariant='italic'>&#x00AF;</mo>
   </mover>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiqadEhagaqbamaaBaaaleaacaWGQbaabeaakiaacIcaceWG5bGbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaaqabaGccaGGPaGaaiykamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgYda8iaacIcaceWG3bGbauaadaWgaaWcbaGaamOAaaqabaGccaGGOaGabmiEayaaiaWaaSbaaSqaaiaadQgacaGGSaGaamyAaaqabaGccaGGPaGaaiykamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgUcaRiqbew7aLzaaraaaaa@4B35@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, so dass wir gemäß <a class="ref" href="#a3">[3]</a> und <a class="ref" href="#a4">[4]</a> das Integral über <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiqadEhagaqbaiaacYhaaaa@38F1@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> folgendermaßen abschätzen können (beachte dabei: <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msqrt>
    <mrow>
     <mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>y</mi>
    </mrow>
   </msqrt>
   <mo>&#x2264;</mo><msqrt>
    <mi>x</mi>
   </msqrt>
   <mo>+</mo><msqrt>
    <mi>y</mi>
   </msqrt>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaOaaaeaacaWG4bGaey4kaSIaamyEaaWcbeaakiabgsMiJoaakaaabaGaamiEaaWcbeaakiabgUcaRmaakaaabaGaamyEaaWcbeaaaaa@3DC0@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> für positive <i>x</i>, <i>y</i>):</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left' columnspacing='0'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mrow><munderover>
        <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
        <mi>a</mi>
        <mi>b</mi>
       </munderover>
       <mrow>
        <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
         <mi>w</mi>
         <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
        </msup>
        <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
       </mrow>
      </mrow>
      <mo>=</mo><munderover>
       <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
       <mrow>
        <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
       </mrow>
       <mi>n</mi>
      </munderover>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mi>i</mi>
       </msub>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><msqrt>
        <mrow>
         <munderover>
          <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
          <mrow>
           <mi>j</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
          </mrow>
          <mi>k</mi>
         </munderover>
         <mrow>
          <msup>
           <mrow>
            <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msup><mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>w</mi><mrow><mspace width='-0.5em'/>
     <mi>j</mi></mrow>
    </msub></mrow>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    
   </msup>
            <mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
             <mover accent='true'>
              <mi>y</mi>
              <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
             </mover>
             
             <mi>i</mi>
            </msub>
            <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
           </mrow>
           <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          
         </mrow>
         
        </mrow>
       </msqrt>
       
      </mrow>
      
     </mrow>
    </mtd>
    <mtd columnalign='left'>
     <mrow>
      <mo>&#x003C;</mo><munderover>
       <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
       <mrow>
        <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
       </mrow>
       <mi>n</mi>
      </munderover>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mi>i</mi>
       </msub>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><msqrt>
        <mrow>
         <munderover>
          <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
          <mrow>
           <mi>j</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
          </mrow>
          <mi>k</mi>
         </munderover>
         <mrow>
          <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msup>
           <mrow>
            <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup><mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>w</mi><mrow><mspace width='-0.5em'/>
     <mi>j</mi></mrow>
    </msub></mrow>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    
   </msup>
            <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
             <mover accent='true'>
              <mi>x</mi>
              <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
             </mover>
             
             <mrow>
              <mi>j</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi>
             </mrow>
            </msub>
            <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
           </mrow>
           <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          <mo>+</mo><mover accent='true'>
           <mpadded height='0.55em'><mi>&#x03B5;</mi></mpadded>
           <mo mathvariant='italic'>&#x00AF;</mo>
          </mover>
          <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>)</mo>
         </mrow>
         
        </mrow>
       </msqrt>
       
      </mrow>
      
     </mrow>
    </mtd>
   </mtr>
   <mtr columnalign='left'>
    <mtd columnalign='left'>
     <mrow></mrow>
    </mtd>
    <mtd columnalign='left'>
     <mrow>
      <mo>&#x2264;</mo><munderover>
       <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
       <mrow>
        <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
       </mrow>
       <mi>n</mi>
      </munderover>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mi>i</mi>
       </msub>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><msqrt>
        <mrow>
         <munderover>
          <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
          <mrow>
           <mi>j</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
          </mrow>
          <mi>k</mi>
         </munderover>
         <mrow>
          <msup>
           <mrow>
            <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msup><mrow>
    <msub>
     <mi>w</mi><mrow><mspace width='-0.5em'/>
     <mi>j</mi></mrow>
    </msub></mrow>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    
   </msup>
            <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
             <mover accent='true'>
              <mi>x</mi>
              <mo>&#x02DC;</mo>
             </mover>
             
             <mrow>
              <mi>j</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi>
             </mrow>
            </msub>
            <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
           </mrow>
           <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          
         </mrow>
         
        </mrow>
       </msqrt>
       
      </mrow>
      <mo>+</mo><munderover>
       <mo stretchy='false'>&#x2211;</mo>
       <mrow>
        <mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
       </mrow>
       <mi>n</mi>
      </munderover>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mi>i</mi>
       </msub>
       <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
        <mi>t</mi>
        <mrow>
         <mi>i</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
       </msub>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><msqrt>
        <mrow>
         <mi>k</mi><mover accent='true'>
          <mpadded height='0.55em'><mi>&#x03B5;</mi></mpadded>
          <mo mathvariant='italic'>&#x00AF;</mo>
         </mover>
         
        </mrow>
       </msqrt>
       
      </mrow>
      
     </mrow>
    </mtd>
   </mtr>
   <mtr columnalign='left'>
    <mtd columnalign='left'>
     <mrow></mrow>
    </mtd>
    <mtd columnalign='left'>
     <mrow>
      <mo>=</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
       <mi>p</mi>
       <mi>Z</mi>
      </msub>
      <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><msqrt>
       <mrow>
        <mi>k</mi><mover accent='true'>
         <mpadded height='0.55em'><mi>&#x03B5;</mi></mpadded>
         <mo mathvariant='italic'>&#x00AF;</mo>
        </mover>
        
       </mrow>
      </msqrt>
      
     </mrow>
    </mtd>
   </mtr>
   <mtr columnalign='left'>
    <mtd columnalign='left'>
     <mrow></mrow>
    </mtd>
    <mtd columnalign='left'>
     <mrow>
      <mo>=</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
       <mi>p</mi>
       <mi>Z</mi>
      </msub>
      <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>&#x03B5;</mi>
     </mrow>
    </mtd>
   </mtr>
   
  </mtable>
 </mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@C2B2@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Damit ist die Abschätzung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>b</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
     <mi>w</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    </msup>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  <mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x2212;</mo><mi>&#x03B5;</mi><mo>&#x2264;</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
   <mi>p</mi>
   <mi>Z</mi>
  </msub>
  <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
 </mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaa8qCaeaacaGG8bGabm4DayaafaGaaiiFaaWcbaGaamyyaaqaaiaadkgaa0Gaey4kIipakiabgkHiTiabew7aLjabgsMiJkaadYeacaGGOaGaamiCamaaBaaaleaacaWGAbaabeaakiaacMcaaaa@45B1@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> gesichert. <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>b</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
     <mi>w</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    </msup>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  
 </mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaa8qCaeaacaGG8bGabm4DayaafaGaaiiFaaWcbaGaamyyaaqaaiaadkgaa0Gaey4kIipaaaa@3D2A@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist also die kleinste obere Schranke von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false'>&#x007B;</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.2em'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>p</mi>
    <mi>Z</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>Z</mi><mtext>&#160; ist Zerlegung von &#160;</mtext><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false'>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaadYeacaGGOaGaamiCamaaBaaaleaacaWGAbaabeaakiaacMcacaGG8bGaamOwaiaabMgacaqGZbGaaeiDaiaabccacaqGAbGaaeyzaiaabkhacaqGSbGaaeyzaiaabEgacaqG1bGaaeOBaiaabEgacaqGGaGaaeODaiaab+gacaqGUbGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2facaGG9baaaa@5185@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, ihr Supremum also.</p>
</td></tr></table>

<p>Beschreibt ein Weg die Bewegung eines Punktes, so läßt sich nach <a class="ref" href="#16">[8.6.16]</a> der dabei zurück gelegte Weg offenbar durch das Integral über den Betrag <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiqadEhagaqbaiaacYhaaaa@38F1@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> seiner Geschwindigkeit berechnen.</p>
<p>Obwohl <a class="ref" href="#16">[8.6.16]</a> die (meist schwierige) Ermittlung eines Supremums durch die Berechnung eines Integrals ersetzt, läßt sich eine Weglänge selten leicht bestimmen. Der Integrand nämlich ist immer die Länge eines Vektors, also die Wurzel aus einer Summe positiver Funktionen. Die folgenden Beispiele machen dies deutlich.</p>

<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Beispiel:</b></u> &#160;</p>
<ul type="square">
<li>
<p>Der glatte Weg</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>b</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>b</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0,1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacQdacaWG0bGaeSOPHeMaamyyaiabgUcaRiaadshacaGGOaGaamOyaiabgkHiTiaadggacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaaGymaaqabaGccqGHRaWkcaWG0bGaaiikaiaadkgadaWgaaWcbaGaaGymaaqabaGccqGHsislcaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaOGaaiykaiaacYcacqWIMaYscaGGSaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGRbaabeaakiabgUcaRiaadshacaGGOaGaamOyamaaBaaaleaacaWGRbaabeaakiabgkHiTiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccaGGPaGaaiykaiaacYcacaaMf8UaamiDaiabgIGiolaacUfacaaIWaGaaiilaiaaigdacaGGDbaaaa@629A@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>bildet die Verbindungsstrecke der Punkte <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>a</mi><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabg2da9iaacIcacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaOGaaiilaiablAciljaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3EE6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>b</mi><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>b</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><msub>
    <mi>b</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOyaiabg2da9iaacIcacaWGIbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaOGaaiilaiablAciljaadkgadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3EE9@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> des <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacaWGRbaaaaaa@3879@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Mit der konstanten Ableitung <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msub>
    <mi>b</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><msub>
    <mi>b</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msub>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msub>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>a</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabm4DayaafaGaeyypa0JaaiikaiaadkgadaWgaaWcbaGaaGymaaqabaGccqGHsislcaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaOGaaiilaiablAciljaacYcacaWGIbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadUgaaeqaaOGaeyOeI0IaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGRbaabeaakiaacMcacqGH9aqpcaWGIbGaeyOeI0Iaamyyaaaa@4937@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> berechnen wir ihre Länge zu</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left' columnspacing='0'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mrow><munderover>
        <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
        <mn>0</mn>
        <mn>1</mn>
       </munderover>
       <mrow>
        <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
       </mrow>
      </mrow>
      
     </mrow>
    </mtd>
   </mtr>
   <mtr columnalign='left'>
    <mtd columnalign='left'>
     <mrow></mrow>
    </mtd>
    <mtd columnalign='left'>
     <mrow>
      <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mrow><munderover>
       <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
       <mn>0</mn>
       <mn>1</mn>
      </munderover>
      <mn>1</mn>
     </mrow>
     
    </mrow>
   </mtd>
  </mtr>
  <mtr columnalign='left'>
   <mtd columnalign='left'>
    <mrow></mrow>
   </mtd>
   <mtd columnalign='left'>
    <mrow>
     <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
    </mrow>
   </mtd>
  </mtr>
  
 </mtable>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaqbaeaabmGaaaqaaiaadYeacaGGOaGaam4DaiaacMcaaeaacqGH9aqpdaWdXbqaaiaacYhacaWGIbGaeyOeI0IaamyyaiaacYhaaSqaaiaaicdaaeaacaaIXaaaniabgUIiYdaakeaaaeaacqGH9aqpcaGG8bGaamOyaiabgkHiTiaadggacaGG8bWaa8qCaeaacaaIXaaaleaacaaIWaaabaGaaGymaaqdcqGHRiI8aaGcbaaabaGaeyypa0JaaiiFaiaadkgacqGHsislcaWGHbGaaiiFaaaaaaa@52EF@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Die Länge stimmt also, wie erwartet, mit dem Abstand der Punkte <i>a</i> und <i>b</i> überein.</p><br/>&#160;
</li>
<li>
<p>Wir berechnen für ein beliebiges <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>a</mi><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabg6da+iaaicdaaaa@3894@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> die Länge der durch</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo lspace='0.05em' rspace='0.05em'>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacQdacaWG0bGaeSOPHeMaaiikaiaadshacqGHflY1ciGGJbGaai4BaiaacohacaWG0bGaaiilaiaadshacqGHflY1ciGGZbGaaiyAaiaac6gacaWG0bGaaiilaiaadshacaGGPaGaaiilaiaaywW7caWG0bGaeyicI4Saai4waiaaicdacaGGSaGaamyyaiaac2faaaa@54F8@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>gegebenen Spirale aus dem Eingangsbeispiel:</p>
<p>Mit <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo rspace='0.05em' lspace='0.05em'>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo rspace='0.05em' lspace='0.05em'>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mn>,1</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabm4DayaafaGaeyypa0JaaiikaiGacogacaGGVbGaai4CaiabgkHiTiaadIfacqGHflY1ciGGZbGaaiyAaiaac6gacaGGSaGaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaey4kaSIaamiwaiabgwSixlGacogacaGGVbGaai4CaiaacYcacaaIXaGaaiykaaaa@4EE1@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, also (mit dem Satz von Pythagoras: <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mrow>
     <mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>+</mo><msup>
    <mrow>
     <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaey4kaSIaci4yaiaac+gacaGGZbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaeyypa0JaaGymaaaa@4020@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>)</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left' columnspacing='0'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
        <mi>w</mi>
        <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
       </msup>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em'>=</mo><msqrt>
        <mrow>
         <msup>
          <mrow>
           <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo rspace='0.05em' lspace='0.05em'>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
          </mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         <mo>+</mo><msup>
          <mrow>
           <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo rspace='0.05em' lspace='0.05em'>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
          </mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         <mo>+</mo><msup>
          <mn>1</mn>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         
        </mrow>
       </msqrt>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em'>=</mo><msqrt>
        <mrow>
         <msup>
          <mrow>
           <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
          </mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo rspace='0.05em' lspace='0.05em'>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo rspace='0.05em' lspace='0.05em'>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>+</mo><msup>
          <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         <mo rspace='0.05em' lspace='0.05em'>&#x22C5;</mo><msup>
          <mrow>
           <mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
          </mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         <mo>+</mo><msup>
          <mrow>
           <mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
          </mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         <mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo rspace='0.05em' lspace='0.05em'>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo rspace='0.05em' lspace='0.05em'>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>+</mo><msup>
          <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         <mo rspace='0.05em' lspace='0.05em'>&#x22C5;</mo><msup>
          <mrow>
           <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
          </mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         <mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
       </msqrt>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em'>=</mo><msqrt>
        <mrow>
         <msup>
          <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         <mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn>
        </mrow>
       </msqrt>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@906B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p><a name="s1"></a>Zur Berechnung des Integrals <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
    <mi>a</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <msqrt>
     <mrow>
      <msup>
       <mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi>
       <mn>2</mn>
      </msup>
      <mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn>
     </mrow>
    </msqrt>
    
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  
 </mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamitaiaacIcacaWG3bGaaiykaiabg2da9maapehabaWaaOaaaeaacaWGybWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaey4kaSIaaGOmaaWcbeaaaeaacaaIWaaabaGaamyyaaqdcqGHRiI8aaaa@419F@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> benötigen wir die hyperbolischen Funktionen <span class="inf" style="white-space:normal" onmouseover="if(active6==0){position('tip6','tab6',event.clientX,event.clientY); document.getElementById('tip6').className='tooltip_v'; if(!b)document.getElementById('tip6').className='tooltip_v_noopac'};active6=1">
sinh und cosh<img class="inf" style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px" src="../info.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span>
<span id="tip6" class="tooltip_h">
<table id="tab6" border="0" style="width:500px">
<tr><td onmousedown="x0=event.clientX;y0=event.clientY;fix('tip6')" onmouseup="drag=0" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color:blue; font-family:monospace"><p style="cursor: move; color:blue; margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:0px; size:12pt; font-weight:bold">&#160;i</p><span style="float: right; margin-top:-15px"><img title="opacity on/off" style="margin-right:10px" onclick="opac_change();" src="../opacity-off.gif" width="10" height="10"/><img onclick="active6=0;document.getElementById('tip6').className='tooltip_h'" src="../close.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span></td></tr>
<tr>
<td ><div style="overflow-y:auto; overflow-x:hidden; height:480px; text-align:justify">
<!--##################### tip6 #####################-->
<img src="sinh.gif" width="148" height="243" style="float:right"/><p style="white-space:normal">Der <i>hyperbolische Sinus</i> (<i>sinus hyperbolicus</i>) und der <i>hyperbolische Kosinus</i> (<i>cosinus hyperbolicus</i>) werden über die Exponentialfunktion exp (siehe <a class="ref" href="../Folgen/5_9.xml#18" target="_blank">[5.9.18]</a>) definiert. Für <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>&#x211D;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgIGiolabl2riHcaa@39DD@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> setzen wir<br/>&#160;
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mfrac>
        <mrow>
         <mi>exp</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>exp</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
        </mrow>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </mfrac>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mfrac>
        <mrow>
         <mi>exp</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>exp</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
        </mrow>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </mfrac>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaqbaeaabiqaaaqaaiGacohacaGGPbGaaiOBaiaacIgacaWG4bGaeyypa0ZaaSaaaeaaciGGLbGaaiiEaiaacchacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcacqGHsislciGGLbGaaiiEaiaacchacaGGOaGaeyOeI0IaamiEaiaacMcaaeaacaaIYaaaaaqaaiGacogacaGGVbGaai4CaiaacIgacaWG4bGaeyypa0ZaaSaaaeaaciGGLbGaaiiEaiaacchacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcacqGHRaWkciGGLbGaaiiEaiaacchacaGGOaGaeyOeI0IaamiEaiaacMcaaeaacaaIYaaaaaaaaaa@5B86@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math><span class="num" style="margin-left:30px"><a name="a0">[0]</a></span><br/>&#160;
</div>Beide Funktionen sind beliebig oft differenzierbar und mit <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup><mi>exp</mi>
   <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
  </msup><mo>=</mo><mi>exp</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaciyzaiaacIhacaGGWbGaai4jaiabg2da9iGacwgacaGG4bGaaiiCaaaa@3D53@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> (siehe <a class="ref" href="../Differentialrechnung/7_5.xml#8" target="_blank">[7.5.8]</a>) bestätigt man sofort die Ableitungen<br/>&#160;
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow><msup>
   <mi>sinh</mi>
   <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
  </msup><mo>=</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaaiiAaiaacEcacqGH9aqpciGGJbGaai4BaiaacohacaGGObaaaa@3F20@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> &#160;und&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow><msup>
   <mi>cosh</mi>
   <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
  </msup><mo>=</mo><mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4yaiaac+gacaGGZbGaaiiAaiaacEcacqGH9aqpciGGZbGaaiyAaiaac6gacaGGObaaaa@3F20@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.<br/>&#160;
</div>
Auch die folgenden Eigenschaften ergeben sich direkt aus der Definition <a class="ref" href="#a0">[0]</a>:
<ul>
<li>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>exp</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4yaiaac+gacaGGZbGaaiiAaiabgUcaRiGacohacaGGPbGaaiOBaiaacIgacqGH9aqpciGGLbGaaiiEaiaacchaaaa@4232@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mrow>
     <mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup>
    <mrow>
     <mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4yaiaac+gacaGGZbGaaiiAamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgkHiTiGacohacaGGPbGaaiOBaiaacIgadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccqGH9aqpcaaIXaaaaa@4203@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>y</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4yaiaac+gacaGGZbGaaiiAaiaacIcacaWG4bGaey4kaSIaamyEaiaacMcacqGH9aqpciGGJbGaai4BaiaacohacaGGObGaamiEaiabgwSixlGacogacaGGVbGaai4CaiaacIgacaWG5bGaey4kaSIaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaaiiAaiaadIhacqGHflY1ciGGZbGaaiyAaiaac6gacaGGObGaamyEaaaa@5759@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>y</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaaiiAaiaacIcacaWG4bGaey4kaSIaamyEaiaacMcacqGH9aqpciGGZbGaaiyAaiaac6gacaGGObGaamiEaiabgwSixlGacogacaGGVbGaai4CaiaacIgacaWG5bGaey4kaSIaci4yaiaac+gacaGGZbGaaiiAaiaadIhacqGHflY1ciGGZbGaaiyAaiaac6gacaGGObGaamyEaaaa@575E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>x</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4yaiaac+gacaGGZbGaaiiAaiaacIcacqGHsislcaWG4bGaaiykaiabg2da9iGacogacaGGVbGaai4CaiaacIgacaWG4baaaa@42B0@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>x</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaaiiAaiaacIcacqGHsislcaWG4bGaaiykaiabg2da9iabgkHiTiGacohacaGGPbGaaiOBaiaacIgacaWG4baaaa@43A7@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p>
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<span style="white-space:normal; width:500px">
<p style="margin-right:5px">
sinh ist sowohl injektiv (gemäß <a class="ref" href="../Differentialrechnung/7_9.xml#6" target="_blank">[7.9.6]</a>, denn <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow><msup>
   <mi>sinh</mi>
   <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
  </msup><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaaiiAaiaacEcacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcacqGH9aqpciGGJbGaai4BaiaacohacaGGObGaamiEaiabg6da+iaaicdaaaa@4435@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> für alle <i>x</i>), wie auch surjektiv (eine Folgerung aus dem Zwischenwertsatz <a class="ref" href="../StetigeFunktionen/6_6.xml#2" target="_blank">[6.6.2]</a>, denn sinh ist stetig und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <munder>
    <mrow>
     <mi>lim</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mo rspace='0.2em'>&#x00B1;</mo><mi>&#x221E;</mi>
    </mrow>
   </munder>
   <mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo rspace='0.2em'>&#x00B1;</mo><mi>&#x221E;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaciGGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaadIhacqGHsgIRcqGHXcqScqGHEisPaeqaaOGaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaaiiAaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabg2da9iabgglaXkabg6HiLcaa@49C7@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>&#160;), insgesamt also bijektiv. Die Umkehrfunktion
<div style="margin-top:8pt">
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>arcsinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><msup>
    <mrow>
     <mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   <mo>:</mo><mi>&#x211D;</mi><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>&#x211D;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaciyyaiaackhacaGGJbGaai4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaaiiAaiabg2da9iGacohacaGGPbGaaiOBaiaacIgadaahaaWcbeqaaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaGccaGG6aGaeSyhHeQaeyOKH4QaeSyhHekaaa@48A6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
</p>
<p style="margin-right:5px">
ist der <i>arcussinus hyberbolicus</i>. Auf dieselbe Weise begründet man auch die Existenz des <i>arcuscosinus hyperbolicus</i>, der Umkehrfunktion von <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mo>&#x2265;</mo><mn>0</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4yaiaac+gacaGGZbGaaiiAaiaacYhacqWIDesOdaahaaWcbeqaaiabgwMiZkaaicdaaaaaaa@3EC8@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>:<br/>&#160;
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>arccosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo>    
     <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
      <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
      <mrow>
       <mo>&#x2265;</mo><mn>0</mn>
      </mrow>
     </msup><msup>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>)</mo>
    <mrow>
     <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   <mo>:</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mo>&#x2265;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   <mo>&#x2192;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mo>&#x2265;</mo><mn>0</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaciyyaiaackhacaGGJbGaai4yaiaac+gacaGGZbGaaiiAaiabg2da9iaacIcaciGGJbGaai4BaiaacohacaGGObGaaiiFaiabl2riHoaaCaaaleqabaGaeyyzImRaaGimaaaakiaacMcadaahaaWcbeqaaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaGccaGG6aGaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacqGHLjYScaaIXaaaaOGaeyOKH4QaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacqGHLjYScaaIWaaaaaaa@5481@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
</p>
<div>
<img src="arcsinh.gif" width="432" height="234"/>
</div></span>
<!--##################### end tip6 #####################-->
</div></td></tr></table>
</span>. Da <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaaGOmaaaacaGGOaGaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaaiiAaiabgwSixlGacogacaGGVbGaai4CaiaacIgacqGHRaWkcaWGybGaaiykaaaa@4458@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> eine Stammfunktion zu <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mrow>
     <mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4yaiaac+gacaGGZbGaaiiAamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaaaaa@3A94@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist <span class="inf" style="white-space:normal" onmouseover="if(active7==0){position('tip7','tab7',event.clientX,event.clientY); document.getElementById('tip7').className='tooltip_v'; if(!b)document.getElementById('tip7').className='tooltip_v_noopac'};active7=1">
<img class="inf" style="margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px" src="../info.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span>
<!--######################## tip7 ##########################-->
<span id="tip7" class="tooltip_h">
<table id="tab7" border="0" style="width:360px" ><tr><td onmousedown="x0=event.clientX;y0=event.clientY;fix('tip7')" onmouseup="drag=0" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color:blue; font-family:monospace"><p style="cursor: move; color:blue; margin-top:-5px; margin-bottom:0px; size:12pt; font-weight:bold">&#160;i</p><span style="float: right; margin-top:-15px"><img title="opacity on/off" style="margin-right:10px" onclick="opac_change();" src="../opacity-off.gif" width="10" height="10"/><img onclick="active7=0;document.getElementById('tip7').className='tooltip_h'" src="../close.gif" width="10" height="10"/></span></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="white-space:normal">Wir benutzen den Hauptsatz <a class="ref" href="8_2.xml#13" target="_blank">[8.2.13]</a> und berechnen mittels partieller Integration (siehe <a class="ref" href="8_3.xml#1" target="_blank">[8.3.1]</a>) für ein beliebiges <i>x</i> das Integral</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left' columnspacing='0'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='right'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mrow><mspace width='0.6em'/><munderover>
        <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
        <mn>0</mn>
        <mi>x</mi>
       </munderover>
       <mrow>
        <msup>
         <mrow>
          <mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
         </mrow>
         <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        
       </mrow>
      </mrow>
      
     </mrow>
    </mtd>
    <mtd columnalign='left'>
     <mrow>
      <mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      <mphantom><mspace width='0pt' height='12pt'/></mphantom>
      <msubsup>
       <mo stretchy='true' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
       <mn>0</mn>
       <mi>x</mi>
      </msubsup></mrow>
      <mrow>
      <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>&#x2212;</mo>
      <mrow><munderover>
       <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
       <mn>0</mn>
       <mi>x</mi>
      </munderover>
       <msup>
        <mrow>
         <mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
        </mrow>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       
      </mrow>
     </mrow>
   </mtd>
  </mtr>
  <mtr columnalign='left'>
   <mtd columnalign='left'>
    <mrow></mrow>
   </mtd>
   <mtd columnalign='left'>
    <mrow></mrow>
   </mtd>
   <mtd columnalign='left'>
    <mrow>
     <mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>&#x2212;</mo><mrow><munderover>
      <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mi>x</mi>
     </munderover>
     <mrow>
      <msup>
       <mrow>
        <mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
       </mrow>
       <mn>2</mn>
      </msup>
      
     </mrow>
    </mrow>
    <mo rspace='0.3em' lspace='0.3em'>+</mo><mrow><munderover>
     <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
     <mn>0</mn>
     <mi>x</mi>
    </munderover>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </mrow>
   
  </mrow>
 </mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr columnalign='left'>
 <mtd columnalign='left'>
  <mrow>
   <mo>&#x21D2;</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext>
  </mrow>
 </mtd>
 <mtd columnalign='left'>
  <mrow>
   <mn>2</mn><mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
    <mi>x</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <msup>
     <mrow>
      <mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
     </mrow>
     <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  
 </mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd columnalign='left'>
 <mrow>
  <mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>x</mi>
 </mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>

</mtable>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@9409@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Also ist <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaaGOmaaaacaGGOaGaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaaiiAaiabgwSixlGacogacaGGVbGaai4CaiaacIgacqGHRaWkcaWGybGaaiykaaaa@4458@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> eine Stammfunktion zu <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mrow>
     <mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4yaiaac+gacaGGZbGaaiiAamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaaaaa@3A94@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
</td></tr></table>
</span>
<!--######################## end tip7 ##########################-->
, können wir mit der Substitution <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>g</mi><mo>=</mo><msqrt>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msqrt>
   <mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4zaiabg2da9maakaaabaGaaGOmaaWcbeaakiGacohacaGGPbGaaiOBaiaacIgaaaa@3C83@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> (siehe <a class="ref" href="8_3.xml#5" target="_blank">[8.3.5]</a>) folgendermaßen fortfahren:</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>=</mo><mrow><munderover>
        <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
        <mrow>
         <mi>arcsinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mn>0</mn>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
         <mi>arcsinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mfrac bevelled='true' scriptlevel='1'>
          <mi>a</mi>
          <mrow>
           <msqrt>
            <mn>2</mn>
           </msqrt>
           
          </mrow>
         </mfrac>
         
        </mrow>
       </munderover>
       <mrow>
        <msqrt>
         <mrow>
          <mn>2</mn><msup>
           <mrow>
            <mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
           </mrow>
           <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
          <mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn>
         </mrow>
        </msqrt>
        <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><msqrt>
         <mn>2</mn>
        </msqrt>
        <mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
       </mrow>
      </mrow>
      
     </mrow>
    </mtd>
   </mtr>
   <mtr columnalign='left'>
    <mtd columnalign='left'>
     <mrow></mrow>
    </mtd>
    <mtd columnalign='left'>
     <mrow>
      <mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mrow><munderover>
       <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
       <mn>0</mn>
       <mrow>
        <mi>arcsinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mfrac bevelled='true' scriptlevel='1'>
         <mi>a</mi>
         <mrow>
          <msqrt>
           <mn>2</mn>
          </msqrt>
          
         </mrow>
        </mfrac>
        
       </mrow>
      </munderover>
      <mrow>
       <msqrt>
        <mrow>
         <msup>
          <mrow>
           <mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
          </mrow>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         <mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn>
        </mrow>
       </msqrt>
       <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mrow>
     
    </mrow>
   </mtd>
  </mtr>
  <mtr columnalign='left'>
   <mtd columnalign='left'>
    <mrow></mrow>
   </mtd>
   <mtd columnalign='left'>
    <mrow>
     <mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mrow><munderover>
      <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mrow>
       <mi>arcsinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mfrac bevelled='true' scriptlevel='1'>
        <mi>a</mi>
        <mrow>
         <msqrt>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msqrt>
         
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       
      </mrow>
     </munderover>
     <mrow>
      <msqrt>
       <mrow>
        <msup>
         <mrow>
          <mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
         </mrow>
         <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        
       </mrow>
      </msqrt>
      <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
     </mrow>
    </mrow>
    
   </mrow>
  </mtd>
 </mtr>
 <mtr columnalign='left'>
  <mtd columnalign='left'>
   <mrow></mrow>
  </mtd>
  <mtd columnalign='left'>
   <mrow>
    <mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mrow><munderover>
     <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
     <mn>0</mn>
     <mrow>
      <mi>arcsinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mfrac bevelled='true' scriptlevel='1'>
       <mi>a</mi>
       <mrow>
        <msqrt>
         <mn>2</mn>
        </msqrt>
        
       </mrow>
      </mfrac>
      
     </mrow>
    </munderover>
    <mrow>
     <msup>
      <mrow>
       <mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      </mrow>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
   </mrow>
   
  </mrow>
 </mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr columnalign='left'>
 <mtd columnalign='left'>
  <mrow></mrow>
 </mtd>
 <mtd columnalign='left'>
  <mrow>
   <mo>=</mo><mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
   <mrow><mphantom><mspace width='0pt' height='12pt'/></mphantom>
   <msubsup>
    <mo stretchy='true' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mi>arcsinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mfrac bevelled='true' scriptlevel='1'>
      <mi>a</mi>
      <mrow>
       <msqrt>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msqrt>
       
      </mrow>
     </mfrac>
     
    </mrow>
   </msubsup>
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
 </mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr columnalign='left'>
 <mtd columnalign='left'>
  <mrow></mrow>
 </mtd>
 <mtd columnalign='left'>
  <mrow>
   <mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mrow>
     <msqrt>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msqrt>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>arcsinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mrow>
     <msqrt>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msqrt>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>arcsinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mrow>
     <msqrt>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msqrt>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 </mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr columnalign='left'>
 <mtd columnalign='left'>
  <mrow></mrow>
 </mtd>
 <mtd columnalign='left'>
  <mrow>
   <mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mrow>
     <msqrt>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msqrt>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><msqrt>
    <mrow>
     <mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mfrac>
      <mrow>
       <msup>
        <mi>a</mi>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       
      </mrow>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </mfrac>
     
    </mrow>
   </msqrt>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>arcsinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mrow>
     <msqrt>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msqrt>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </mfrac>
   <msqrt>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><msup>
      <mi>a</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
   </msqrt>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>arcsinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mfrac>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mrow>
     <msqrt>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msqrt>
     
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   
  </mrow>
 </mtd>
</mtr>

</mtable>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@F352@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div><br/>&#160;
</li>
<li>
<p>Erstaunlicherweise gelingt es nicht, für die Kurvenlänge einer Ellipse</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2003;</mtext><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0,2</mn><mi>&#x03C0;</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacQdacaWG0bGaeSOPHeMaaiikaiaadggacqGHflY1ciGGJbGaai4BaiaacohacaWG0bGaaiilaiaadkgacqGHflY1ciGGZbGaaiyAaiaac6gacaWG0bGaaiykaiaacYcacaaMf8UaamiDaiabgIGiolaacUfacaaIWaGaaiilaiaaikdacqaHapaCcaGGDbaaaa@54BD@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>einen geschlossenen Ausdruck anzugeben. Das Integral</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left' columnspacing='0'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mrow><munderover>
        <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
        <mn>0</mn>
        <mrow>
         <mn>2</mn><mi>&#x03C0;</mi>
        </mrow>
       </munderover>
       <mrow>
        <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
         <mi>w</mi>
         <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
        </msup>
        <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mspace width='0.2em'/>
       </mrow>
      </mrow>
      
     </mrow>
    </mtd>
    <mtd columnalign='left'>
     <mrow>
      <mo>=</mo><mrow><munderover>
       <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
       <mn>0</mn>
       <mrow>
        <mn>2</mn><mi>&#x03C0;</mi>
       </mrow>
      </munderover>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mrow>
     
    </mrow>
   </mtd>
  </mtr>
  <mtr columnalign='left'>
   <mtd columnalign='left'>
    <mrow></mrow>
   </mtd>
   <mtd columnalign='left'>
    <mrow>
     <mo>=</mo><mrow><munderover>
      <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
      <mn>0</mn>
      <mrow>
       <mn>2</mn><mi>&#x03C0;</mi>
      </mrow>
     </munderover>
     <mrow>
      <msqrt>
       <mrow>
        <msup>
         <mi>a</mi>
         <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><msup>
         <mrow>
          <mi>sin</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
         </mrow>
         <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        <mo>+</mo><msup>
         <mi>b</mi>
         <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><msup>
         <mrow>
          <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
         </mrow>
         <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        
       </mrow>
      </msqrt>
      
     </mrow>
    </mrow>
    
   </mrow>
  </mtd>
 </mtr>
 <mtr columnalign='left'>
  <mtd columnalign='left'>
   <mrow></mrow>
  </mtd>
  <mtd columnalign='left'>
   <mrow>
    <mo>=</mo><mi>a</mi><mrow><munderover>
     <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
     <mn>0</mn>
     <mrow>
      <mn>2</mn><mi>&#x03C0;</mi>
     </mrow>
    </munderover>
    <mrow>
     <msqrt>
      <mrow>
       <mn>1</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup>
        <mrow>
         <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
        </mrow>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       <mo>+</mo><mfrac>
        <mrow>
         <msup>
          <mi>b</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
         <msup>
          <mi>a</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
         
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><msup>
        <mrow>
         <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
        </mrow>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </msup>
       
      </mrow>
     </msqrt>
     
    </mrow>
   </mrow>
   
  </mrow>
 </mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr columnalign='left'>
 <mtd columnalign='left'>
  <mrow></mrow>
 </mtd>
 <mtd columnalign='left'>
  <mrow>
   <mo>=</mo><mi>a</mi><mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mi>&#x03C0;</mi>
    </mrow>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <msqrt>
     <mrow>
      <mn>1</mn><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><msup>
       <mrow>
        <mi>cos</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
       </mrow>
       <mn>2</mn>
      </msup>
      
     </mrow>
    </msqrt>
    
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  <mtext>&#160;, wobei &#160;</mtext><mi>c</mi><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mfrac>
   <mrow>
    <msup>
     <mi>a</mi>
     <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    <mo>&#x2212;</mo><msup>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    
   </mrow>
   <mrow>
    <msup>
     <mi>a</mi>
     <mn>2</mn>
    </msup>
    
   </mrow>
  </mfrac>

 </mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>

</mtable>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@A6D9@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>ist ein sog. <i>elliptisches Integral</i> und läßt sich nur für die trivialen Fälle <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>c</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4yaiabg2da9iaaigdaaaa@3895@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>c</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4yaiabg2da9iaaicdaaaa@3894@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ausrechnen. Im letzten Fall allerdings, wenn also <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>a</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>b</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabg2da9iaadkgaaaa@38BF@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist, stellt die Ellipse einen Kreis mit Radius <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>r</mi><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>b</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOCaiabg2da9iaadggacqGH9aqpcaWGIbaaaa@3ABC@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> dar, dessen Umfang wir somit zu</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mi>r</mi><mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mn>2</mn><mi>&#x03C0;</mi>
    </mrow>
   </munderover>
   <mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
  <mo lspace='0.3em' rspace='0.3em'>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>&#x03C0;</mi><mi>r</mi>
 </mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamitaiaacIcacaWG3bGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadkhadaWdXbqaaiaaigdaaSqaaiaaicdaaeaacaaIYaGaeqiWdahaniabgUIiYdGccqGH9aqpcaaIYaGaeqiWdaNaamOCaaaa@45E6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>berechnen können.<br/>&#160;</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><u><b>Aufgaben:</b></u></p>
<ul type="square">
<li>
<p>Für <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mstyle scriptlevel='0'>
    <mfrac>
     <mn>3</mn>
     <mn>2</mn>
    </mfrac>
   </mstyle>
   <mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><msqrt>
    <mrow>
     <msup>
      <mi>t</mi>
      <mn>3</mn>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
   </msqrt>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;</mtext><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0,1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacQdacaWG0bGaeSOPHeMaaiikamaaleaaleaacaaIZaaabaGaaGOmaaaakiaadshacaGGSaWaaOaaaeaacaWG0bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIZaaaaaqabaGccaGGPaGaaiilaiaaysW7caaMe8UaamiDaiabgIGiolaacUfacaaIWaGaaiilaiaaigdacaGGDbaaaa@4B22@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>&#160; ist&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
 <mrow>
 <mrow><mphantom><mpadded width='0'><mo mathsize='24pt'>|</mo></mpadded></mphantom></mrow>
  <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
   <mi>w</mi>
   <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
  </msup>
  <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>=</mo>
<maction actiontype='toggle'><mtext color='red' fontsize='14pt'>?</mtext><mrow>
  <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mfrac>
   <mn>3</mn>
   <mn>2</mn>
  </mfrac>
  <mo>,</mo><mfrac>
   <mn>3</mn>
   <mn>2</mn>
  </mfrac>
  <msqrt>
   <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
  </msqrt>
  <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
  <mo>=</mo><msqrt>
   <mrow>
    <mstyle scriptlevel='1'>
     <mfrac>
      <mn>9</mn>
      <mn>4</mn>
     </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mo>+</mo><mstyle scriptlevel='1'>
     <mfrac>
      <mn>9</mn>
      <mn>4</mn>
     </mfrac>
    </mstyle>
    <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
   </mrow>
  </msqrt>
  </mrow></maction>
 </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiqadEhagaqbaiaacYhacqGH9aqpcaGG8bGaaiikamaalaaabaGaaG4maaqaaiaaikdaaaGaaiilamaalaaabaGaaG4maaqaaiaaikdaaaWaaOaaaeaacaWGybaaleqaaOGaaiykaiaacYhacqGH9aqpdaGcaaqaamaaleaaleaacaaI5aaabaGaaGinaaaakiabgUcaRmaaleaaleaacaaI5aaabaGaaGinaaaakiaadIfaaSqabaaaaa@4845@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>&#160; und damit<br/>
</p>

<div style="margin-top:-25pt; margin-bottom:-55pt"><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>  
 <mrow><mphantom><mpadded width='0'><mo mathsize='90pt'>|</mo></mpadded></mphantom></mrow>
   <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo>
<maction actiontype='toggle'><mtext color='red' fontsize='14pt'>?</mtext><mrow>
   <mfrac>
    <mn>3</mn>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </mfrac>
   <mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <msqrt>
     <mrow>
      <mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
     </mrow>
    </msqrt>
    
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  <munder>
   <mo>=</mo>
   <mtable columnalign='center'>
    <mtr>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mtext mathvariant='italic' mathsize='10pt'>Substitution&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;mit</mtext>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mtext>&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;</mtext><mi>g</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
   </mtable>
   
  </munder>
  <mfrac>
   <mn>3</mn>
   <mn>2</mn>
  </mfrac>
  <mrow><munderover>
   <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
   <mn>1</mn>
   <mn>2</mn>
  </munderover>
  <mrow>
   <msqrt>
    <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
   </msqrt>
   
  </mrow>
 </mrow>
 <mo>=</mo><mrow><msqrt>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
    <mn>3</mn>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 </msqrt>
   <mphantom><mspace width='0pt' height='12pt'/></mphantom>
 <msubsup>
  <mo stretchy='true' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
  <mn>1</mn>
  <mn>2</mn>
 </msubsup>
 </mrow>
 <mo>=</mo><msqrt>
  <mn>8</mn>
 </msqrt>
 <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
 </mrow></maction>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@62B3@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></div><br/>&#160;
</li>
<li>
<p>Für das Parabelsegment&#160; <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><msup>
    <mi>t</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;</mtext><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacQdacaWG0bGaeSOPHeMaaiikaiaadshacaGGSaGaamiDamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiaacMcacaGGSaGaaGzbVlaadshacqGHiiIZcaGGBbGaaGimaiaacYcacaaIXaGaaiyxaaaa@47E6@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>&#160; ist <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
  <mrow><mphantom><mpadded width='0'><mo mathsize='24pt'>|</mo></mpadded></mphantom></mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>=</mo>
  
<maction actiontype='toggle'><mtext color='red' fontsize='14pt'>?</mtext><mrow> 
   
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>=</mo><msqrt>
    <mrow>
     <mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn><msup>
      <mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
   </msqrt>
  </mrow></maction> 
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiqadEhagaqbaiaacYhacqGH9aqpcaGG8bGaaiikaiaaigdacaGGSaGaaGOmaiaadIfacaGGPaGaaiiFaiabg2da9maakaaabaGaaGymaiabgUcaRiaaisdacaWGybWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaqabaaaaa@458E@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Also ist</p>
<div style="margin-top:-35pt; margin-bottom:-30pt">
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
  <mrow><mphantom><mpadded width='0'><mo mathsize='92pt'>|</mo></mpadded></mphantom></mrow>
  
   <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo>
    
<maction actiontype='toggle'><mtext color='red' fontsize='14pt'>?</mtext><mrow> 

   <mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
    <mn>1</mn>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <msqrt>
     <mrow>
      <mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn><msup>
       <mi>X</mi>
       <mn>2</mn>
      </msup>
      
     </mrow>
    </msqrt>
    
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  <munder>
   <mo>=</mo>
   <mtable columnalign='center' rowspacing='0.2ex'>
    <mtr>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mtext mathvariant='italic' mathsize='10pt'>Substitution mit</mtext>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr>
     <mtd>
      <mrow>
       <mi>g</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac bevelled='true' scriptlevel='1'>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mn>2</mn>
       </mfrac>
       <mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
   </mtable>
   
  </munder><mrow>
  <mfrac>
   <mn>1</mn>
   <mn>2</mn>
  </mfrac>
  <mrow><munderover>
   <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
   <mn>0</mn>
   <mrow>
    <mi>arcsinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
   </mrow>
  </munderover></mrow>
  <mrow>
   <munder>
    <munder>
     <mrow>
      <msqrt>
       <mrow>
        <mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><msup>
         <mrow>
          <mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
         </mrow>
         <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
        
       </mrow>
      </msqrt>
      
     </mrow>
     <mo stretchy='true'>&#xFE38;</mo>
    </munder>
    <mrow>
     <mo>=</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    </mrow>
   </munder>
   <mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
  </mrow>
 </mrow>
 <mo>=</mo><mfrac>
  <mn>1</mn>
  <mn>2</mn>
 </mfrac>
 <mrow><munderover>
  <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
  <mn>0</mn>
  <mrow>
   <mi>arcsinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 </munderover>
 <mrow>
  <msup>
   <mrow>
    <mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
   </mrow>
   <mn>2</mn>
  </msup>
  
 </mrow>
</mrow>
</mrow></maction>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@8CD8@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>und da <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   
  <mrow><mphantom><mpadded width='0'><mo mathsize='28pt'>|</mo></mpadded></mphantom></mrow>
    
<maction actiontype='toggle'><mtext color='red' fontsize='14pt'>?</mtext><mrow> 
<mrow><mtext>&#160;- wie&#160;</mtext><maction xmlns:dsi="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" actiontype='link' dsi:href='#s1'><mstyle color='blue'><mtext>zuvor gezeigt</mtext></mstyle></maction><mtext>&#160;- &#160;</mtext></mrow>
  
   <mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
   </mrow></maction>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaaGOmaaaacaGGOaGaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaaiiAaiabgwSixlGacogacaGGVbGaai4CaiaacIgacqGHRaWkcaWGybGaaiykaaaa@4458@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> eine Stammfunktion zu <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mrow>
     <mi>cosh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
   </msup>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4yaiaac+gacaGGZbGaaiiAamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaaaaa@3A94@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist, folgt schließlich</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
  <mrow><mphantom><mpadded width='0'><mo mathsize='36pt'>|</mo></mpadded></mphantom></mrow>
    

   <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo>
<maction actiontype='toggle'><mtext color='red' fontsize='14pt'>?</mtext><mrow>    
   <mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mn>4</mn>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><msqrt>
    <mrow>
     <mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><msup>
      <mrow>
       <mi>sinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo>
      </mrow>
      <mn>2</mn>
     </msup>
     
    </mrow>
   </msqrt>
   <mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>X</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
   <mrow><mphantom><mspace width='0pt' height='12pt'/></mphantom>
   <msubsup>
    <mo stretchy='true' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mi>arcsinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
   </msubsup>
   </mrow>
   <mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mn>4</mn>
   </mfrac>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><msqrt>
    <mn>5</mn>
   </msqrt>
   <mo>+</mo><mi>arcsinh</mi><mo>&#x2061;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow></maction>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@6706@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>

</li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Die Länge eines glatten Wegs <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x21A6;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mtext>&#x2009;&#x200A;&#x200A;</mtext><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacQdacaWG0bGaeSOPHeMaam4DaiaacIcacaWG0bGaaiykaiaacYcacaaMe8UaamiDaiabgIGiolaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbaaaa@469D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> läßt sich besonders leicht ausrechnen, wenn der Ableitungsvektor eine konstante Länge hat. Im Fall <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiqadEhagaqbaiaacYhacqGH9aqpcaaIXaaaaa@3AB5@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ist sogar</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' mathsize='14pt'>&#x007C;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>x</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
  <mo>=</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2212;</mo><mi>a</mi>
 </mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamitaiaacIcacaWG3bGaaiiFaiaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadIhacaGGDbGaaiykaiabg2da9maapehabaGaaGymaaWcbaGaamyyaaqaaiaadIhaa0Gaey4kIipakiabg2da9iaadIhacqGHsislcaWGHbaaaa@4852@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p> für alle <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgIGiolaacUfacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbaaaa@3CAA@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Der Wegabschnitt ist also genauso lang wie der zugehörige Intervallabschnitt. Wir sagen dann, <i>w</i> sei <i>nach der Bogenlänge parametrisiert</i>. Reguläre Wege können stets nach der Bogenlänge parametrisiert werden.</p>

<table class="main"><tr><td class="main">

<p><u><b>Bemerkung:</b></u> &#160;Ist <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>:</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiaacQdacaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaiabgkziUkabl2riHoaaCaaaleqabaGaam4Aaaaaaaa@405D@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ein regulärer Weg, so gibt es eine differenzierbare Bijektion <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>&#x03D5;</mi><mo>:</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqy1dOMaaiOoaiaacUfacaaIWaGaaiilaiaadYeacaGGOaGaam4DaiaacMcacaGGDbGaeyOKH4Qaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2faaaa@44F0@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> mit folgenden Eigenschaften:</p>

<table><tr><td class="def">
 <div>
<ol style="margin-bottom:0pt">
<li>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>&#x2218;</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiablIHiVjabew9aQbaa@39EE@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>&#160; ist nach der Bogenlänge parametrisiert.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>&#x2218;</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiablIHiVjabew9aQbaa@39EE@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>&#160; und <i>w</i> erzeugen diesselbe Kurve.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo>&#x2218;</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamitaiaacIcacaWG3bGaeSigI8Maeqy1dOMaaiykaiabg2da9iaadYeacaGGOaGaam4DaiaacMcaaaa@4044@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>.</p>
</li>
</ol> 
 </div></td><td class="num" width="80px">
<span class="num"><a name="17">[8.6.17]</a></span></td></tr></table>

<p class="beweis"><i>Beweis</i>: &#160;Gemäß Hauptsatz <a class="ref" href="8_2.xml#13" target="_blank">[8.2.13]</a> ist die Funktion <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>s</mi><mo>:</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4CaiaacQdacaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaiabgkziUkaacUfacaaIWaGaaiilaiaadYeacaGGOaGaam4DaiaacMcacaGGDbaaaa@441C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, gegeben durch</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mi>a</mi>
    <mi>x</mi>
   </munderover>
   <mrow>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
     <mi>w</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    </msup>
    <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
   </mrow>
  </mrow>
  
 </mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4CaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabg2da9maapehabaGaaiiFaiqadEhagaqbaiaacYhaaSqaaiaadggaaeaacaWG4baaniabgUIiYdaaaa@4194@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ,
</div>
<p>eine Stammfunktion zu <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
    <mi>w</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiqadEhagaqbaiaacYhaaaa@38F4@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Da <i>w</i> regulär ist, weiß man: <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x003E;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4CaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabg6da+iaaicdaaaa@3AFC@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> für alle <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgIGiolaac2facaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaGGDbaaaa@3CAC@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Nach <a class="ref" href="../Differentialrechnung/7_9.xml#6" target="_blank">[7.9.6]</a> ist <i>s</i> daher injektiv und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>&#x03D5;</mi><mo lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em' fontsize='13pt'>&#x2254;</mo><msup>
    <mi>s</mi>
    <mrow>
     <mo>&#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqy1dOMaeyypa0Jaam4CamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaaaaaa@3B8B@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
 in jedem <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>x</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgIGiolaadohacaGGOaGaai4waiaadggacaGGSaGaamOyaiaac2facaGGPaaaaa@3EFB@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> differenzierbar mit (siehe <a class="ref" href="../Differentialrechnung/7_5.xml#4" target="_blank">[7.5.4]</a>)</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <msup>
    <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <msup>
      <mi>s</mi>
      <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
     </msup>
     <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
      <mi>w</mi>
      <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
     </msup>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
      <mi>w</mi>
      <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
     </msup>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>&#x2218;</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x2260;</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGafqy1dOMbauaacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcacqGH9aqpdaWcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaaceWGZbGbauaacaGGOaGaeqy1dOMaaiikaiaadIhacaGGPaGaaiykaaaacqGH9aqpdaWcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaGG8bGabm4DayaafaGaaiiFaiaacIcacqaHvpGAcaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcacaGGPaaaaiabg2da9maalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaacYhaceWG3bGbauaacaGG8baaaiablIHiVjabew9aQjaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabgcMi5kaaicdaaaa@5974@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Schließlich garantiert der Zwischenwertsatz <a class="ref" href="../StetigeFunktionen/6_6.xml#2" target="_blank">[6.6.2]</a>, dass <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4CaiaacIcacaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaiaacMcacqGH9aqpcaGGBbGaaGimaiaacYcacaWGmbGaaiikaiaadEhacaGGPaGaaiyxaaaa@43D0@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>, denn <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4CaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaiabg2da9iaaicdaaaa@3AE3@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> und <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>s</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4CaiaacIcacaWGIbGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadYeacaGGOaGaam4DaiaacMcaaaa@3D50@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>. Nach Kettenregel <a class="ref" href="../Differentialrechnung/7_7.xml#8" target="_blank">[7.7.8]</a> ist daher <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>w</mi><mo>&#x2218;</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi><mo>:</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><msup>
    <mi>&#x211D;</mi>
    <mi>k</mi>
   </msup>
   
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4DaiablIHiVjabew9aQjaacQdacaGGBbGaaGimaiaacYcacaWGmbGaaiikaiaadEhacaGGPaGaaiyxaiabgkziUkabl2riHoaaCaaaleqabaGaam4Aaaaaaaa@4576@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> ein regulärer Weg mit</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mtable columnalign='left'>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo>&#x2218;</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi><msup>
        <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
        <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
       </msup>
       
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup>
       <mrow>
       <msub>
        <mi>w</mi>
        <mn>1</mn>
       </msub>
       </mrow>
       <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
       </msup>
       <mo>&#x2218;</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><msup>
        <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
        <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
       </msup>
       <mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup>
       <mrow>
       <msub>
        <mi>w</mi>
        <mi>k</mi>
       </msub>
       </mrow>
       <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
       </msup>
       <mo>&#x2218;</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><msup>
        <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
        <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
       </msup>
       <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup>
       <mrow>
       <msub>
        <mi>w</mi>
        <mn>1</mn>
       </msub>
       </mrow>
       <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
       </msup><mo>&#x2218;</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mrow>
         <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
          <mi>w</mi>
          <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
         </msup>
         <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       <mo>&#x2218;</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>&#x2026;</mo><mo>,</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><msup>
       <mrow>
       <msub>
        <mi>w</mi>
        <mi>k</mi>
       </msub>
       </mrow>
       <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
       </msup><mo>&#x2218;</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>&#x22C5;</mo><mfrac>
        <mn>1</mn>
        <mrow>
         <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
          <mi>w</mi>
          <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
         </msup>
         <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       <mo>&#x2218;</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    <mtr columnalign='left'>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow></mrow>
     </mtd>
     <mtd columnalign='left'>
      <mrow>
       <mo>=</mo><mfrac>
        <msup>
         <mi>w</mi>
         <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
        </msup>
        
        <mrow>
         <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
          <mi>w</mi>
          <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
         </msup>
         <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
        </mrow>
       </mfrac>
       <mo>&#x2218;</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
      </mrow>
     </mtd>
    </mtr>
    
   </mtable>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@8423@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>Jetzt zeigen wir:</p>

<p>1.&#160;<font size="2">&#9658;</font> &#160;<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo>&#x2218;</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi><msup>
    <mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
   </msup>
   <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mfrac>
    <msup>
     <mi>w</mi>
     <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
    </msup>
    
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
      <mi>w</mi>
      <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
     </msup>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>&#x2218;</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mo>=</mo><mfrac>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
      <mi>w</mi>
      <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
     </msup>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><msup>
      <mi>w</mi>
      <mo>&#x2032;</mo>
     </msup>
     <mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo>
    </mrow>
   </mfrac>
   <mo>&#x2218;</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaacIcacaWG3bGaeSigI8Maeqy1dOMabiykayaafaGaaiiFaiabg2da9iaacYhadaWcaaqaaiqadEhagaqbaaqaaiaacYhaceWG3bGbauaacaGG8baaaiablIHiVjabew9aQjaacYhacqGH9aqpdaWcaaqaaiaacYhaceWG3bGbauaacaGG8baabaGaaiiFaiqadEhagaqbaiaacYhaaaGaeSigI8Maeqy1dOMaeyypa0JaaGymaaaa@536C@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p>
<p>2.&#160;<font size="2">&#9658;</font> &#160;Da <math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mi>&#x03D5;</mi>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqy1dOgaaa@37B8@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math> bijektiv ist, hat man:</p>
<div>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mo>&#x007B;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo>&#x2218;</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x007D;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x007D;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#x007B;</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.2em' rspace='0.2em'>&#x007C;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#x2208;</mo><mo stretchy='false' rspace='0.1em'>[</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy='false' lspace='0.1em'>]</mo><mo>&#x007D;</mo>
  </mrow>
 <annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaadEhacqWIyiYBcqaHvpGAcaGGOaGaamiDaiaacMcacaGG8bGaamiDaiabgIGiolaacUfacaaIWaGaaiilaiaadYeacaGGOaGaam4DaiaacMcacaGGDbGaaiyFaiabg2da9iaacUhacaWG3bGaaiikaiabew9aQjaacIcacaWG0bGaaiykaiaacMcacaGG8bGaamiDaiabgIGiolaacUfacaaIWaGaaiilaiaadYeacaGGOaGaam4DaiaacMcacaGGDbGaaiyFaiabg2da9iaacUhacaWG3bGaaiikaiaadshacaGGPaGaaiiFaiaadshacqGHiiIZcaGGBbGaamyyaiaacYcacaWGIbGaaiyxaiaac2haaaa@6961@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math>
</div>
<p>3.&#160;<font size="2">&#9658;</font> &#160;<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'>
 <mstyle displaystyle='true'><semantics>
  <mrow>
   <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo>&#x2218;</mo><mi>&#x03D5;</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mrow><munderover>
    <mo stretchy='true'>&#x222B;</mo>
    <mn>0</mn>
    <mrow>
     <mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
    </mrow>
   </munderover>
   <mn>1</mn>
  </mrow>
  <mo>=</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>w</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo>
 </mrow>
<annotation encoding='MathType-MTEF'>
MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamitaiaacIcacaWG3bGaeSigI8Maeqy1dOMaaiykaiabg2da9maapehabaGaaGymaaWcbaGaaGimaaqaaiaadYeacaGGOaGaam4DaiaacMcaa0Gaey4kIipakiabg2da9iaadYeacaGGOaGaam4DaiaacMcaaaa@4858@</annotation>
</semantics></mstyle>
</math></p>
</td></tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-top: 50px; margin-bottom:30px" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%">
  <tr>
    <td><hr noshade="noshade" size="1"/></td>
    <td width="2%" align="right"><img style="margin-left:3pt" src="http://www.mathproject.de/cgi-std/count.pl?c=86;d=tiny"/></td>
  </tr>
</table>

<p>
<table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
  <tr>
    <td width="33%" align="left"><a href="8_5.xml" title="Volumenberechnung">8.5. <img border="0" src="backl.gif" width="7" height="12"/></a></td>
    <td width="33%" align="center">
  <a href="integralrechnung.htm#Teil6"><img width="16" height="16" border="0" src="back1.gif"/></a>
    </td>
    <td width="34%" align="right"><a href="8_7.xml" title="Die Logarithmusfunktion"><img border="0" src="backr.gif" width="7" height="12"/> 8.7.</a></td>
  </tr>
</table>
</p>
</td></tr>
</table></center><br/><font style="size:2px">&#160;</font>
</body>
</html>

